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1、SingaporeEnglish张时雨、朱枫、孙嘉、张晓娟、郭丽雅、张弛1.phonologyPARTA:IncolloquialSingaporeEnglish,thevowelpairstendtobemergedintoasinglephoneme.[i](beat)vs.[I](bit)[e](bait)vs.[ɛ](bet)[u](boot)vs.[ʊ](put)[o](coat)vs.[ɔ](caught)Invideo:cokeandcockPARTB:/θ/and/ð/maynotbeusedinsomeSingap
2、oreEnglishspeakers.Thesubstitutionsare/t/and/d/,respectively.Sometimes,however,asoundintermediatebetween[θ]and[d]maybeusedIntonationinSingaporeEnglishEssentiallyhasastaccatoqualitywithoptionalfinallengtheningattheend…(givingSinglishawhiningquality…)“HelloAuntieah!”32.S
3、yntaxInthisarea,colloquialSingaporeEnglishdiffersDRAMATICALLYfromStandardEnglish.However,theeffectsarerelativelylocalizedinthattheuniquefeaturesareinfluencedbyindigenouslanguagesinSingapore.SubstratallanguagesonthegrammarofSingaporeEnglish:Hokkien,Cantonese,Mandarin,Ve
4、rnacularMalay(BabaMalayandBazaar)SyntaxItdiffersinfourparts:Topic-ProminenceOptionalSyntacticAgreementRadicalProDrop/MassiveNP-EllipsisCopulaDeletionA)Topic-prominenceCSEexhibitsstrongtendencytostartasentencewithadiscoursetopic.ThisisanarealgrammaticalfeatureinSoutheas
5、tAsia:Hokkien,Cantonese,Teochew,MandarinandMalay(1)[TopicZhébĕnshū]wŏqùniándú-guo.(Mandarin)thisbookIlastyearread‘Lit.Thisbook,Ihavereaditlastyear.’(2)[TopicAnjing]diagigitsamadiapunyatangan.(BazaarMalay)dogitbitewithhimmodhand‘Lit.Thedog,itbithishand.’(3)a.Christmas,w
6、edon’tcelebratebecausewearenotChristians.b.Tomorrowdon’tneedbringcamera.(CSE)Invideo:Mediumcokealsogot.Bigcokealsogot.B)OptionalSyntacticagreementAgreementishighlyvariableandoptional,unlikeinStandardEnglish.Sometimesverbsagreefortense,sometimesdon’ta.WhenIwasyoung,ah,I
7、gotoschooleveryday.b.Whenhewasinschool,healwaysgetgoodmarks.Sameforthirdpersonsingularagreementinthepresenttensea.Becausehewanttoseehowwealltalk,normally.b.Ifhehavelikearubberplantationorsomething,youknow.C)Radicalprodrop/ MassiveNP-DeletionLiberalomissionofsubjects,ob
8、jectsandotherelementsRobustfeatureandveryfrequentinCSEconversationsWhenweknowwhodidwhat,wedon’tneedtomentionthemagain
