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1、ShaftSolidshafts.Asamachinecomponentashaftiscommonlyacylindricalbarthatsupportsandrotateswithdevicesforreceivinganddeliveringrotarymotionandtorque.Thecrankshaftofareciprocatingenginereceiveitsrotarymotionfromeachofthecranks,viathepistonsandconnectingroads(theslider-crankmechanisms),andde
2、liversitbymeansofcouplings,gears,chainsorbeltstothetransmission,camshaft,pumps,andotherdevices.Thecamshafts,drivenbyagearorchainfromthecrankshaft,hasonlyonereceiverorinput,buteachcamontheshaftdeliversrotarymotiontothevalve-actuatingmechanisms.Anaxleisusuallydefinedasastationarycylindrica
3、lmemberonwhichwheelsandpulleyscanrotate,buttherotatingshaftsthatdrivetherearwheelsofanautomobilearealsocalledaxles,nodoubtacarryoverfromhorse-and-buggydays.Itiscommonpracticetospeakshortshaftsonmachinesasspindles,especiallytool-carryingorwork-carryingshaftsonmachinetools.Inthedayswhenall
4、machinesinashopweredrivenbyonelargeelectricmotororprimemover,itwasnecessarytohavelonglineshaftsrunninglengthoftheshopandsupplyingpower,bybelt,toshortercoutershafts,jackshafts,orheadshafts.Theselineshaftswereassembledformseparatelengthsofshaftingclampledtogetherbyrigidcouplings.Althoughit
5、isusuallymoreconvenienttodriveeachmachinewithaseparateelectricmotor,andthepresent-daytrendisinthisdirection,therearestillsomeoilenginereceivesitsrotarymotionfromeachofthecranks,viathepistonsandconnectingroads(theslider-crankmechanisms),anddeliversitbymeansofcouplings,gears,chainsorbeltst
6、othetransmission,camshaft,pumps,andotherdevices.Thecamshafts,drivenbyagearorchainfromthecrankshaft,hasonlyonereceiverorinput,buteachcamontheshaftdeliversrotarymotiontothevalve-actuatingmechanisms.Anaxleisusuallydefinedasastationarycylindricalmemberonwhichwheelsandpulleyscanrotate,butther
7、otatingshaftsthatdrivetherearwheelsofanautomobilearealsocalledaxles,nodoubtacarryoverfromhorse-and-buggydays.Itiscommonpracticetospeakshortshaftsonmachinesasspindles,especiallytool-carryingorwork-carryingshaftsonmachinetools.Inthedayswhenallmachinesinashopweredrivenbyonel
