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1、Lesson42ModerncavemenNewwordsandexpressionscaveman(远古)洞穴人pot-holing洞穴探险，洞穴探险运动solitude孤独，寂寞;loneliness,lonesomelure引诱，诱惑;seduce,temptpot-holer洞穴探险者ramble漫步者，散步者undertaking任务，工作;task,work,missionforesight预见，深谋远虑foretell预言;predict,forecastGrenoble格里诺布尔chasm断层，裂口，陷坑;gapflaw小裂缝;fiss
2、uredistinguished杰出的，著名的,famous,out-standingEverest珠穆朗玛峰wade涉水，趟水waterfall瀑布gear一套用具inflatable可充气的rubble碎石，瓦砾insistent连续的，不断的boom轰响waterspout强大的水柱cleft裂隙，开口cavern大洞穴stalagmite石笋stalactite钟乳石limestone石灰石glisten闪烁;glow,shine,glittereerie引起恐惧的，可怕的dome穹窿，圆顶;vault,vt,加穹顶于(tent)Text1.C
3、aveexploration,orpot-holing,asithascometobeknown,isarelativelynewsport.asithascometobeknown,插入语，正如已逐渐为人所知的那样，2.Perhapsitisthedesireforsolitudeorthechanceofmakinganunexpecteddiscoverythatlurespeopledowntothedepthsoftheearth.Itis…that…强调句式。也可用强调句型“It is (was) +that (who) +句子的其余部分”
4、。这种强调结构是英语里最常见的强调句。强调结构最重要的特征是it在句中无具体指代意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用，并且去掉强调结构“It is (was) … that(who)…”后，剩下的句子部分仍能组成一个意思完整的句子---It was because it rained heavily that they didn’t go swimming.---It washewhotookmybookaway.3.Itisimpossibletogiveasatisfactoryexplanationforapot-holer’smotives.Itis
5、impossible/important/necessarytodosth.---Itisimportanttorealizeourmistakefortheloseofthecompetition.4.Forhim,caveshavethesamepeculiarfascinationwhichhighmountainshavefortheclimber.Theyarouseinstinctswhichcanonlybedimlyunderstood.Forhim,对于他来说。…which…引导限定性定语从句。dimlyunderstood,hard
6、lyunderstood.几乎不能让人理解。5.ExploringreallydeepcavesisnotataskfortheSundayafternoonrambler.Exploringreallydeepcaves…动名词短语做主语。6.Suchundertakingsrequirethepreciseplanningandforesightofmilitaryoperations.Itcantakeaslongaseightdaystorigupropeladdersandtoestablishsupplybasesbeforeadescen
7、tcanbemadeintoaverydeepcave.…preciseplanning,carefullystudiedplanning.…aslongas…，1）在表示duringthewholetimethat(长达……之久)或while(只要)的含义时,往往用aslongasAslongasthereislifethereishope.留得生命在，不怕没希望。2）在表示onconditionthat,providedthat或if(只要,如果)的含义时,用aslongas或solongas的情况均很常见。I'llacceptanyjobas/s
8、olongasIdon'thavetogetupearly.只要不必早起，任何工作我都可以接受
