理工A--阅读理解(押题篇目教材原文-共一篇).doc

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1、理工A(押题篇目教材原文,共一篇)第四十八篇ResearchersDiscoverWhyHumansBeganWalkingUprightMostofuswalkandcarryitemsinourhandseveryday.Theseareseeminglysimpleactivitiesthatthemajorityofusdon’tquestion.Butaninternationalteamofresearchers,includingDr.RichmondfromGW'sColumbianCollegeo

2、fArtsandSciences，havediscoveredthathumanwalkingupright,mayhaveoriginatedmillionsofyearsagoasanadaptationtocarryingscarce,high-qualityresources.TheteamofresearchersfromtheU.S.,England,JapanandPortugalinvestigatedthebehaviorofmodern-daychimpanzeesastheycompetedf

3、orfoodresources，inanefforttounderstandwhatecologicalsettingswouldleadalargeape—onethatresemblesthe6million-yearoldancestorwesharedincommonwithlivingchimpanzees—towalkontwolegs.“Thesechimpanzeesprovideamodeloftheecologicalconditionsunderwhichourearliestancestor

4、smighthavebegunwalkingontwolegs,"，saidDr.Richmond.Theresearchfindingssuggestthatchimpanzeesswitchtomovingontwolimbsinsteadoffourinsituationswheretheyneedtomonopolizearesource.Standingontwolegsallowsthemtocarrymuchmoreatonetimebecauseitfreesuptheirhands.Overtim

5、e，intenseburstsofbipedalactivitymayhaveledtoanatomicalchangesthatinturnbecamethesubjectofnaturalselectionwherecompetitionforfoodorotherresourceswasstrong.TwostudieswereconductedbytheteaminGuinea.ThefirststudywasconductedbytheteaminKyotoUniversity’s“outdoorlabo

6、ratory”inanaturalclearinginBossouForest.Researchersallowedthewildchimpanzeesaccesstodifferentcombinationsoftwodifferenttypesofnut—theoilpalmnut，whichisnaturallywidelyavailable,andthecoulanut,whichisnot.Thechimpanzees’behaviorwasmonitoredinthreesituations:(a)wh

7、enonlyoilpalmnutswereavailable,(b)whenasmallnumberofcoulanutswereavailable，and(c)whencoulanutswerethemajorityavailableresource.Whentherarecoulanutswereavailableonlyinsmallnumbers,thechimpanzeestransportedmoreatonetime.Similarly,whencoulanutswerethemajorityreso

8、urce,thechimpanzeesignoredtheoilpalmnutsaltogether.Thechimpanzeesregardedthecoulanutsasamorehighly-prizedresourceandcompetedforthemmoreintensely.Insuchhigh-competitionsettings，thef