最新Instructional Technology 6260 Cognitive Information Processing Theory教学讲义ppt.ppt

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1、InstructionalTechnology6260CognitiveInformationProcessingTheoryCognitiveInformationProcessingWithoutlookingatone,drawapictureofapennyDual-StoreModelofMemory-Atkinson-Shiffrinmodelinputinputinputlostlostlost?SensoryRegisterShort-termMemoryLong-termMemorySensoryRegis

2、tercapacityformofstoragedurationTheRoleofAttentiontheprocessbywhichpeopleselectsomeoftheenvironmentalinputtheyreceiveforfurthercognitiveprocessingWhatdoyousee?????FactorsInfluencingAttentionSizeIntensityNoveltyIncongruityEmotionPersonalSignificanceCompetitionbetwee

3、nsimilartasksWhichlettersfirstdrawyourattention?aBcDReadtheItalicsPrint...SomewhereAmonghiddentheinmostthespectacularRockyMountainscognitivenearabilitiesCentralCityisColoradotheanabilityoldtominerselecthidoneamessageboxfromofanothergold.WeAlthoughdoseveralthishundr

4、edbypeoplefocusinghaveourlookedattentionforonit,certaintheycueshavesuchnotasfoundtypeitstyle.IncongruityItookawalktotherabbitthismorning.ProcessesUnderlyingAttentionselectiveattentionautomaticitybottleneckeffectShort-termMemorycapacitystorageformdurationExample1.Me

5、morizeinsequence:808810844033542Howmanyright?15-1211-87-44-1Example2.Memorizeinsequence:435797100084322Howmanyright?15-1211-87-44-1ControlProcessesinSTMChunkingRehearsalRetrievalLong-TermMemoryCapacityFormofStorageDurationControlProcessesinLTMStorageRetrievalAreSTM

6、andLTMReallyDifferent?Consider:acousticvs.semanticmemoriesbraininjurypatientschangesduetoagingMetacognition/ExecutiveControlpeople’sknowledgeoftheirownlearning,cognitiveprocessesandtheirregulationofthoseprocessestoenhancelearningandmemory.Alsoknownasthinkingaboutth

7、inking.ImplicationsforInstructionEncouragemultiplerepresentationsforencodingOrganizeinformationtomaximizeretrievalSupportmetacognitionLinknewmaterialtopriorknowledgeMinimizeinterferenceRecognizeSTMlimitations病因及分类１、血管舒缩障碍：见于单纯性晕厥、体位性低血压、颈动脉窦综合症、排尿性晕厥、咳嗽性晕厥及疼痛性晕厥。２、

8、心源性晕厥：见于严重心律失常、心脏排血受阻、及心肌缺血性疾病，如阵发性心动过速、阵发性心房纤颤、病态窦房结综合征、高度房室传导阻滞、主动脉瓣狭窄、先天性心脏病某些类型、心绞痛与急性心肌梗死、原发性心肌病等，最严重的是阿－斯(Adams-stokes)综合症。３、脑源性晕厥：见于脑动脉粥样硬