最新《聚合反应原理专论》 chapter6 （中科大研究生教学课件ppt课件.ppt

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1、《聚合反应原理专论》chapter6（中科大研究生教学课件）CharacteristicsofcondensationpolymerizationCondensationpolymerizationbasedonthereactionsoffunctionalgroupsofthemonomersMonomersareconsumedfastPolymersareformedonlyinhighconversionUncontrolledmolecularweightUncontrolledmol

2、ecularweightdistributionA-R-BA-(BA)n-BPolymerizationbehaviorCondensationpolymerizationLivingpolymerizationPoly(phenyleneoxide)PolyesterThereactionsatisfiedtherequirementsforthechaingrowthcondensationpolymerization,but8polymerizationproceededwithconcom

3、itantprecipitationofpolymerPolyamideInitiatorMolecularweightanditsdistributionDisadvantages:1.Requireunusualbase,N-octyl-N-triethylsilylaniline,andCsFand18-crown-6.2.Monomer:phenylesterisnotcommon.3.Purification:separationofthepolymerfrombyproducts,

4、N-octylanilineandphenolbyHPLC.CommonmonomerHighlypurepolyamidewithadefinedmolecularweightandlowpolydispersitycanbeobtainedaftersimpletreatmentotthereactionmixturewithaqueousNaOHsolutionfollowedbyevaporation.Byproducts:methanol,ammonia,andheximethyldi

5、siloxaneLiHMDS:[(CH3)3Si]2NLiCommerciallyavailblebaseπ-ConjugatedPolymers:PolymerizationbyCatalysttransferTransferofcatalystMechanismofpolymerizationFourimportantpointswereclarified:1.Thepolymerendgroupsareuniformamongmolecules;oneendgroupisBrandtheot

6、herisH;2.Thepropagatingendgroupisapolymer-Ni-Brcomplex;3.OneNimoleculeformsonepolymerchain;4.Thechaininitiatorisadimerof40aformedinsitu.dppp第二十章化痰止咳平喘药小结化痰药小结温化寒痰药★半夏降逆止呕,消痞散结，外用消肿止痛▲南星燥湿化痰外用消肿止痛祛风止痉○禹白附解毒散结，止痛○白芥子——温肺化痰，利气散结。▲旋覆花降逆止呕降气化痰○白前温化寒痰药小结半夏：

7、湿痰、寒痰要药，尤善治湿痰；止呕良药。有毒，内服宜制用。反乌头。南星：燥湿化痰力强，善治寒湿顽痰；又为肝经风痰之要药。有毒，内服宜制用。白附子：风痰要药，尤善头面诸疾。有毒，内服，宜制用白芥子：温肺祛痰善治寒痰，尤善治“皮里膜外之痰”；又祛经络之痰。消化道溃疡、出血者忌用；外用对皮肤黏膜有刺激，易发泡，皮肤过敏者忌用。旋覆花：功善降肺、胃之气，为治肺、胃气逆病证之要药。“诸花皆升，旋覆独降”。包煎。白前：微温不燥，专入肺经长于降气祛痰而止咳，治多种咳嗽痰多。清化热痰★桔梗——宣肺化痰，利咽，排脓★

8、川贝母润肺止咳，散结消肿★浙贝母开郁散结★瓜蒌清热化痰宽胸散结，润肠通便▲竹茹除烦止呕○竹沥（豁痰），定惊利窍▲海藻消痰软坚散结，利水消肿▲昆布桔梗：性平专走肺经，善开宣肺气，宣肺化痰，尤多用于外感咳嗽痰多；宣肺利咽，善治咽痛音哑；又为治肺痈之良药。轻浮上升，有“舟楫”之称，能载药上行，上焦病证多用之。桔梗皂苷有溶血作用。过量易致恶心呕吐。川贝：甘寒清润，治多种咳嗽，尤宜于肺虚久咳、肺热燥咳；又治痰火、热毒壅结之证。浙母：功似川贝而偏苦寒清泄，清热、散结力强，善治风热、痰热咳嗽，又