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1、五 必修第一册Unit5Intothewild(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·北京模拟)Agroupofblue-facedbirdsstepthroughthegrassshouldertoshoulder,redeyeslookingaround.Theylooklikemiddleschoolersseekingacafeteriatableatlunchtime.Perhapsthey’renotsodifferent.Anewstudy,ledbyDamienFarine,anornithologistwhostudiescollectiv
2、ebehaviour,showsthatthevulturineguineafowlofeasternAfrica,likehumans,havemultilevelsocieties.Inthepast,scientistsassumedsuchsocialstructuresrequiredalotofbrainpower.Butthepea-brainedguineafowlarerevealingthefaultsinthatassumption.Theselargebirdswanderacrossthelandscapeinpacks,oftenw
3、alkingsocloselythattheirbodiestouch.Theymayfighteachothertomaintaintheirstricthierarchies(等级制度),butatothertimestheyengageinfriendlybehaviourslikesharingfood.Suspectingtheguineafowlmighthaveasocialstructure,Dr.Farineandhiscolleaguesbeganathoroughstudyoftheirsociety.Forawholeyear,they
4、madedailyobservationsof441birds.Colouredlegbandsinuniquecombinationsletresearcherstelltheblack-and-bluebirdsapart.TheyalsoattachedGPSdevicestothebacksof58birds,whichletthemseeexactlywhereeverygroupwent,24hoursaday.Thefindingsoftheresearchsuggestthatthevulturineguineafowlhaveamultile
5、velsociety.Therearegroupswithingroupswithinthepopulationasawhole.Thereevenseemtobegroupsoffriendswithinthesmallgroups.Thisisthefirsttimeanyonehasobservedsuchasocietyinabird.AndDr.Farineemphasizesthisparticularbird’stinybrainsize:“Theydon’tonlyhavesmallbrainsrelativetomammals(哺乳动物),t
6、heyalsohavequitesmallbrainsrelativetootherbirds,”hesaid.Accordingtohim,livinginthiskindofsocietymightactuallymakeiteasiertokeeptrackofthesocialorder.Forexample,ifgroupsarestableandabirdcanidentifyjustoneortwoindividualswithinagroup,itknowswhichgroupit’slookingat—noneedforabrainthatc
7、anrecognizeeverysingleanimal.Multilevelsocietiesalsoletanimalsadjusttheirgroupsizesbasedonwhateverchallengesthey’refacing.Dependingonwhatenemiesorresourcesarearound,itmightmakesensetotravelinacombinedgroupratherthanasmallerone.“Havingamultilevelstructuremaynotrequirehavingalargebrai
8、n,”Dr.Farinesaid.Th
