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1、WashingtonIrvingWashingtonIrving(1783-1859)Americanauthor,shortstorywriter,essayist,poet,travelbookwriter,biographer,andcolumnist.HewasoneofthefirstAmericanwriterstoearnaninternationalreputation,andregardedasanearlyRomanticwriterintheAmericanliteraryhistoryandFatheroftheAmericanshortstories.Washi
2、ngtonIrvingAsawriter,WashingtonIrvingwassonaturallyendowedthatheseemedtodriftintohiscareeratthewhimofcircumstancesandhisowninclinations.HewasborninNewYorkCity,theyoungestofelevenchildrenofawealthymerchant.Fromaveryearlyagehebegantoreadwidelyandwritepoems,essays,andplays.WashingtonIrvingIrving’sho
3、pe,plananddreamscometoacrashinghaltafterthelossofhisonlylove,yethefoundhisrefugefromthegriefintheresearchesonAHistoryofNewYorkfromtheBeginningoftheWorldtotheEndoftheDutchDynasty,whichwasagreatsuccessandwonhimwidepopularityafteritcameoutin1809.WiththepublicationofTheSketchBookofGeoffreyCrayon,Gent
4、.IrvingwonameasureofinternationalfameonbothsidesoftheAtlantic.ThebookcontainsfamiliaressaysontheEnglishlifeandAmericanizedversionsofEuropeanfolktaleslike“RipVanWinkle”and“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”.WashingtonIrvingIrving’srelationshipwiththeOldWorldintermsofhisliteraryimaginationcanhardlybeignoredc
5、onsideringhissuccessbothabroadandathome.HeparodiesorimitatesHomer,Cervantes,Fielding,Swiftandmanyotherfavoritesofhis.Hewasalsoabsorbedinwhathecalled“therichmineofGermanliterature”andgotideasfromGermanlegendsfortwoofhisfamousstories“RipVanWinkle”and“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”.However,itisnotthesketc
6、hesabouttheOldWorldbutthetalesaboutAmericathatmadeWashingtonIrvingahouseholdwordandhisfameenduring.WashingtonIrvingIrving’stastewasessentiallyconservative.Thissocialconservationandliterarypreferenceforthepastisrevealed,tosomeextent,inhisfamousstory“RipVanWinkle”.Weseldomlearnamorallessonbecausehe
7、wantsusamusedandrelaxed.Soweoftenfindourselveslostinaworldthatispermeatedwithadreamingquality.TheGothicelementsandthesupernaturalatmospherearemanipulatedinsuchawaythatwecouldbecomesoengagedandinvolvedinwhatishappeningi
