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1、..ReadingprehensionPassage1TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmen,strivingtomakeprofits
2、,producethesegoodsandservicesinpetitionwithotherbusinessmen;andtheprofitmotive,operatingunderpetitivepressures,largelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthed
3、esireofindividualstomaximizetheirines,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy,thismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem
4、,aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofamodityresultsinreducingitscost,thi
5、swilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomicsystem.Theimportantfactorinaprivateenterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoownproductiveresources(privatepr
6、operty),andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gaincontrolovernaturalresources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptof..word.zl...privatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproduc
7、tortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.11.InLine11,Para1,“thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirines〞means__.[A]Americansareneversatisfiedwiththeirines[B]Americanstendtooverstatetheirines[C]Americanswanttohavetheirinesincreased[D]Americanswanttoincreasethepurch
