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1、Chapter7Multi-SKUForecasts7.1IntroductionAnskuisanabbreviationforthetermstock-keeping-unitthatidentifiesanitembe-ingintheinventoryatastockinglocation.Couldbeapartnumber,aproductnum-ber,astylenumber,soforth.Shouldamodelofacertaintoolbeinstockatadealer,itisansku
2、atthatdealer.Ifthesamemodelisinstockin1000dealers,itisanskuineachofthe1000dealers.Itisalsoanskuateachdistributioncenterthatstocksthemodel.Atruckpartsdealertypicallyhas15,000skusandatruckdistributioncentermayhave100,000skus.Ashoestoreinthemallmayhave2000skusins
3、hoesalone,sinceeachstylebysizeandwidthisaseparatesku.Forecastsareneededforeachsku(usuallymonthly)touseintheinventorystockingcomputations.Whenapartisstockedasaservicepartinaninventorysystemwithfivedistri-butioncenters(DC),thepartisanskuineachoftheDC’s.Forecasts
4、areneededforeachpartbylocationtoarrangefortheproperstockateachlocation.Aforecastisalsoneededfortheaggregatedemandsofthepartinalllocationssoeconomicreplenishmentsofthepartfromthesuppliercanbedetermined.Considerastyleshoewith36sizeandwidthcombinations.Eachsizean
5、dwidthforthestyleshoeisansku.Forecastsareneededforeachsizeandwidthtobeusedintheinventorydecisionsatthedistributioncentersandateachstore.Theforecastistypicallygeneratedforthestyleitself,andthisforecastisapportioneddowntoeachofthesizeandwidthcombinations.Thesame
6、scenarioalsooccursinclothing,likemen’sshirts,withdifferentsizeandwidths,andsoforth.Thischapterdescribestwocommonwaystoforecastwhenmultipleskusareofconcerninaninventorysystem,thetop-downmethodandthebottom-upmethod.Top-downiswhentheaggregatedemandhistoryisusedto
7、forecastthedemandsoverthefuturemonths.Theaggregateforecastisthenallocateddowntoeachskuusinganskupercentrepresentingit’sportionofthetotaldemand.Thisway,theforecastsforthetotalandforeachskuaregeneratedinasystematicmanner.The©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitze
8、rland201589N.T.Thomopoulos,DemandForecastingforInventoryControl,DOI10.1007/978-3-319-11976-2_7907Multi-SKUForecastsTable7.1 Locationjdemandsx(j,t),andtotaldemandx(t),atmonthttx(1,t
