guidelines in the credit analysis of municipal general obligation and revenue bonds

guidelines in the credit analysis of municipal general obligation and revenue bonds

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时间:2018-02-11

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1、CHAPTERTHIRTY-FOURGUIDELINESINTHECREDITANALYSISOFMUNICIPALGENERALOBLIGATIONANDREVENUEBONDSSYLVANG.FELDSTEIN,PH.D.DirectorInvestmentDepartmentGuardianLifeInsuranceCompanyofAmericaALEXANDERM.GRANT,JR.ManagingDirectorandPortfolioManagerInvestmentDepartmentGu

2、ardianLifeInsuranceCompanyofAmericaHistorically,thedegreeofsafetyofinvestinginmunicipalbondshasbeencon-sideredsecondonlytothatofU.S.Treasurybonds,butbeginninginthefourthquarterofthelastcentury,ongoingconcernsdevelopedamongmanyinvestorsandunderwritersabout

3、thepotentialdefaultrisksofmunicipalbonds.Oneconcernresultedfromthewell-publicizedbillion-dollargeneralobli-gationnotedefaultsin1975ofNewYorkCity.Notonlydidspecificinvestorsfacethelossoftheirprincipal,butthedefaultssentaloudandclearwarningtomunicipalbondinv

4、estorsingeneral.Thewarningwasthatregardlessofthesup-posedlyironcladlegalprotectionsforthebondholder,whenissuershaveseverebudget-balancingdifficulties,thepoliticalhues,cries,andfinancialinterestsofpublicemployeeunions,vendors,andcommunitygroupsmaybedominantf

5、orcesintheinitialdecision-makingprocess.ThisrealitywasfurtherreinforcedbythenewfederalbankruptcylawthattookeffectonOctober1,1979,whichmakesiteasierformunicipalbondissuerstoseekprotectionfrombondholdersbyfilingforbankruptcy.Oneby-productoftheincreasedinvest

6、orconcernisthatsince1975,theofficialstate-ment,whichisthecounterparttoaprospectusinanequityorcorporatebondofferingandistocontainasummaryofthekeylegalandfinancialsecurityfea-tures,hasbecomemorecomprehensive.Asanexample,before1975itwascommonforacityofNewYorko

7、fficialstatementforageneralobligationbond799Copyright©2005,2001,1997,1995,1991,1987,1983byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Clickherefortermsofuse.800PART4CreditAnalysisandCreditRiskModelingsaletobeonly6pageslong,whereasforabondsaleattheendof2003itwas165pageslon

8、g.Thesecondreasonfortheincreasedinterestincreditanalysiswasderivedfromthechangingnatureofthemunicipalbondmarket.Itisnowcharacterizedbystrongbuyingpatternsbyprivateinvestorsandinstitutions.Thepatternswerecausedinpart

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