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1、Chapter2WhatIsOperationalRisk?hendidyoufirsthearthewordsoperationalrisk?Wasitayearago?Twoyearsago?Probably.Fiveyearsago?TenyearsWago?Probablynot.EvenwhenheadlinesfocusedontheExxonValdezoperationalriskincidentin1989andthenlaterin1995,whenBaringsBankwasbroughtdown
2、inaseriesofoperationalriskmishaps,notmanypeoplewereusingthetermoperationalrisk.Eventhen,peoplewerenotreallyawarethatthepeopleandprocessfailuresthatledtothelargestoilspillinU.S.historyorthefailureofBaringsBanktoproperlyorganizeandmanageasimpletradingoperationwer
3、equintes-sentialoperationalriskmanagementproblems.Yet,peopleknewthatsome-thinghadtobedone—thatriskmanagementwasakeyingredienttoresolvingtheseissues.AnUnfortunateHistoricalEventTheExxonValdezoiltankerwasbuiltin1986andwasoneofthelarg-estvesselsonwater.Almost1000f
4、eetlong,itmovedwithtremendousforcethroughthewater.Atitstopspeedof15milesperhour,itwould17c02.indd1710/24/083:24:09PM18wherewearenowtake3milesforittocometoahalt.JustaftermidnightonMarch24,1989,theExxonValdez,duringitstwenty-eighthtripsincefirstcon-structed,hitBli
5、ghReefinthePrinceWilliamSound,dumping11mil-liongallonsofcrudeoil.Althoughthisisamatterofpublicrecord,itwouldbeusefultorepeatcertainpartsofit.TheExxonValdezdepartedfromtheTransAlaskaPipelinetermi-nalat9:12p.m.,onMarch23,1989.WilliamMurphy,theharborpilot,wasincha
6、rgeofmaneuveringthevesselthroughtheValdezNarrows.AthissidewasJosephHazelwood,CaptainoftheExxonValdez.HelmsmanHarryClaarwassteering.AfterpassingthroughValdezNarrows,PilotMurphyleftthevesselandCaptainHazelwoodtookover.HazelwoodradioedtotheCoastGuardstationthathew
7、ouldbechangingcourseinordertoavoid“growlers”—chunksoficefromglaciersthatmakeagrowlingsoundwhenknockedagainsttheship’shull.Hereceivedper-missiontomoveintothenorthboundlaneandHazelwoodorderedClaartotaketheshipintothenorthboundshippinglanetogoaroundtheice.Beforere
8、tiringtohiscabin,HazelwoodinstructedThirdMateGregoryCousinstosteerthetankerbackintothesouthboundlaneoncetheypassedBusbyIsland.Atthattime,ClaarwasreplacedbyHelmsmanRobertKaga
