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1、NomenclatureofOrganicCompoundsI.Nomenclatureofhydrocarbons1)Aliphatichydrocarbons(fattyhydrocarbons)•a)Numberprefix•i)TotalCno.≤10meth-,eth-,prop-,buta-,penta-,hexa-,hepta-,octa-,nona-,deca-,1/2hemi-;semi-,sesqui-,mono-;uni-,di-;bi-;bis-.•ii)TotalCno
2、.>10Hen(i)-;do-;tri(a-);tetra-;penta-,hexa-,hepta-,octa-,nona-,deca-•e.g.11:undeca-;hendeca-12:dodeca-13:trideca-14:tetradeca-15:pentadeca-16:hexadeca-17:heptadeca-18:octadeca-19:nonadeca-20:eicosa-21:heneicosa-22:docosa-23:tricosa-24:tetracosa-30:tr
3、iaconta-31:hentriaconta-40:tetraconta-50:pentaconta-60:hexaconta-70:heptaconta-80:octaconta-90:enneaconta-•b)NomenclatureofalkaneNumberPrefix+-ane(ifthenumberPrefixendwitha,+-ene)e.g.heptanes;tridecane;(e)icosane;nonacontane;empirecontane•c)Nomenclat
4、ureofalkeneNumberPrefix+-ene(ifthenumberPrefixendwitha,+-ne)polyenoid：diene：NumberPrefix+-dienetriene：NumberPrefix+-triene•d)NomenclatureofalkyneNumberPrefix+-yne/ine(ifthenumberPrefixendwitha,deletea+-yne)polyne：diyne：NumberPrefix+-diynee.g.ethyne;b
5、utine;hexadiyne/hexadiine•e)Nomenclatureofalicyclichydrocarbonscyclo-+hydrocarbonnamee.g.cyclohexane;cyclohexadiene•f)Nomenclatureofhydrocarbylhydrocarbonname+-yle.g.methyl;ethenyl;ethynyl•g)Nomenclatureofhydrocarbonwithbranchedchainsi)usethelongestc
6、arbonchainasthemainchain,thennumberfromonesidetoanotherside,insuringtheminimumnumberofthebranchchain.Ifthereareseveralchains,namethebranchgroupaccordingtothefirstletter.e.g.ii)ensuretheminimumnumberofthedouble/triplebondintheunsaturatedhydrocarboniii
7、)usedi-ortri-before–eneor–yne,cyclo-incyclichydrocarbon•iv)cyclichydrocarbonastheparent,numberthesubstituentgroup.Benzeneastheparentinaromatichydrocarbons.benzeneasthesubstituentgroup：phenyl-•Relativepositionofsubstituentgroup：异iso-，新neo-，邻o-（ortho-）
8、，间m（meta-），对p（para-），顺cis-，反trans-伯primary，仲secondary，叔tertiary，季quaternaryII.Nomenclatureofothercompounds•1．Decidethemainfunctionalgroup:IUPAC（InternationalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistry）priorrule:freeradical;cation-activecompound;Neutralcoordinatio
