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1、WHYPEOPLEBELIEVEWEIRDTHINGSPSEUDOSCIENCE,SUPERSTITION,ANDOTHERCONFUSIONSOFOURTIMEREVISEDANDEXPANDEDMichaelShermerForewordbyStephenJayGouldAW.H.Freeman/OwlBookHenryHoltandCompanyNewYorkTothememoryofCarlSagan,1934-1996,colleagueandinspiration,whoselectureon"TheBurdenofSkep
2、tícism"tenyearsagogavemeabeaconwhenIwasintellectuallyandprofessionallyadrift,andultimatelyinspiredthebirthoftheSkepticsSociety,Skepticmagazine,andthisbook,aswellasmycommitmenttoskepticismandtheliberatingpossibilitiesofscienceItseemstomewhatiscalledforisanexquisitebalance
3、betweentwocon-flictingneeds:themostskepticalscrutinyofallhypothesesthatareserveduptousandatthesametimeagreatopennesstonewideas.Ifyouareonlyskeptical,thennonewideasmakeitthroughtoyou.Youneverlearnanythingnew.Youbecomeacrotchetyoldpersonconvincedthatnonsenseisrulingtheworl
4、d.(Thereis,ofcourse,muchdatatosupportyou.)Ontheotherhand,ifyouareopentothepointofgullibilityandhavenotanounceofscepticalsenseinyou,thenyoucannotdistinguishusefulideasfromtheworthlessones.Ifallideashaveequalvaliditythenyouarelost,becausethen,itseemstome,noideashaveanyvali
5、d-ityatall.—CarlSagan,"TheBurdenofSkepticism,"Pasadenalecture,1987CONTENTSFOREWORDThePositivePowerofSkepticismixbyStephenJayGould*INTRODUCTIONTOTHEPAPERBACKEDITIONxiiiMagicalMysteryTourTheWhysandWhereforesofWeirdThingsPROLOGUENextonOprah1PART1:SCIENCEANDSKEPTICISM111.IAM
6、THEREFOREITHINK13ASkeptic'sManifesto2.THEMOSTPRECIOUSTHINGWEHAVE24TheDifferenceBetweenScienceandPseudoscience3.HowTHINKINGGOESWRONG44Twenty-fiveFallaciesThatLeadUstoBelieveWeirdThingsPART2:PSEUDOSCIENCEANDSUPERSTITION634.DEVIATIONS65TheNormal,theParanormal,andEdgarCayce5
7、.THROUGHTHEINVISIBLE73Near-DeathExperiencesandtheQuestforImmortality6.ABDUCTED!88EncounterswithAliens7.EPIDEMICSOFACCUSATIONS99MedievalandModernWitchCrazes8.THEUNLIKELIESTCULT114AynRand,Objectivism,andtheCultofPersonalityPART3:EVOLUTIONANDCREATIONISM1259.INTHEBEGINNING12
8、7AnEveningwithDuaneT.GishVIIIContents10.CONFRONTINGCREATIONISTS137Twenty-fiveCreationistArguments,Twent
