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1、chapter1.fmPage1Thursday,August17,20004:43PMCHAPTER1INTRODUCTIONTheevolutionofdigitalcircuitdesignnCompellingissuesindigitalcircuitdesignnHowtomeasurethequalityofdigitaldesignnValuablereferences1.1AHistoricalPerspective1.2IssuesinDigitalIntegratedCircuitDesign1.3Quali
2、tyMetricsofADigitalDesign1.4Summary1.5ToProbeFurther1chapter1.fmPage2Thursday,August17,20004:43PM2INTRODUCTIONChapter11.1AHistoricalPerspectiveTheconceptofdigitaldatamanipulationhasmadeadramaticimpactonoursociety.Onehaslonggrownaccustomedtotheideaofdigitalcomputers.Ev
3、olvingsteadilyfrommain-frameandminicomputers,personalandlaptopcomputershaveproliferatedintodailylife.Moresignificant,however,isacontinuoustrendtowardsdigitalsolutionsinallotherareasofelectronics.Instrumentationwasoneofthefirstnoncomputingdomainswherethepotentialbenefi
4、tsofdigitaldatamanipulationoveranalogprocessingwererecognized.Otherareassuchascontrolweresoontofollow.Onlyrecentlyhavewewitnessedthecon-versionoftelecommunicationsandconsumerelectronicstowardsthedigitalformat.Increasingly,telephonedataistransmittedandprocesseddigitall
5、yoverbothwiredandwirelessnetworks.Thecompactdiskhasrevolutionizedtheaudioworld,anddigitalvideoisfollowinginitsfootsteps.Theideaofimplementingcomputationalenginesusinganencodeddataformatisbynomeansanideaofourtimes.Intheearlynineteenthcentury,Babbageenvisionedlarge-scal
6、emechanicalcomputingdevices,calledDifferenceEngines[Swade93].Althoughtheseenginesusethedecimalnumbersystemratherthanthebinaryrepresentationnowcommoninmodernelectronics,theunderlyingconceptsareverysimilar.TheAnalyticalEngine,developedin1834,wasperceivedasageneral-purpo
7、secomputingmachine,withfeaturesstrikinglyclosetomoderncomputers.Besidesexecutingthebasicrepertoireofoperations(addition,subtraction,multiplication,anddivision)inarbitrarysequences,themachineoperatedinatwo-cyclesequence,called“store”and“mill”(execute),similartocurrentc
8、omputers.Itevenusedpipeliningtospeeduptheexecutionoftheadditionopera-tion!Unfortunately,thecomplexityandthecostofthedesignsm
