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1、DealingwithUncertaintiesSecond,EnlargedEditionManfredDrosgDealingwithUncertaintiesAGuidetoErrorAnalysisSecond,EnlargedEditionProf.Dr.ManfredDrosgUniversitätWienFakultätfürPhysikStrudlhofgasse4A-1090Wien,Austriamanfred.drosg@univie.ac.atISBN978-3-642-0138
2、3-6e-ISBN978-3-642-01384-3DOI10.1007/978-3-642-01384-3SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergLondonNewYorkLibraryofCongressControlNumber:2009933277cSpringer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2007,2009Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthem
3、aterialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.DuplicationofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGerma
4、nCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw.Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply
5、,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.Coverdesign:WMXDesignGmbH,HeidelbergPrintedonacid-freepaperSpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com)
6、IdedicatethisbooktomyAmericanfriends;inparticulartothoseImetinNewMexico,andtoPeterWeinzierl,whopatronizedmebyarrangingforme,withthemagnificentsupportofR.F.Taschek,formerP-DivisionleaderofLANL,tobecomethefirstforeignpostdoctoralfellowinsaiddivision.PrefaceA
7、ninnovativeapproachtouncertaintiesbasedontheeasilyunderstoodround-inguncertaintyisintroducedinthiseditionfacilitatingtheunderstandingofthenatureofa(scientific)uncertainty;inparticularitisclearfromtheverybeginningthatmeasurementsarenotthecauseofthephenomen
8、onuncer-tainty.Atthesametimethischoiceprovidesanexcellentexamplefortheimportanceoftheshapeoftheuncertaintydistribution.Severalrecentdevel-opmentshavecenteredonthedeterminationofsuchshapesbecauseoftheirimportanceinfindingcon