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1、CHAPTER1IntroductiontoConcreteandMasonryoncreteandmasonryaretwoofthemostwidelyusedbuildingCmaterialsintheworld.Brickandstonestructuresdatebacktopre-historictimes,anditisthedurabilityofthesematerialswhichassuredthesurvivalofsucharchitecturalrelicsforthousandsofyears.Concr
2、eteandmasonryarealmostalwaysapartofcontemporaryresidentialconstruction.Fromsimple,low-incomehousingwithpouredconcreteslabsorfoundations,tohigh-endcustomresidenceswithmasonryveneersandelaboratecarvedorcaststonedecorativeelements,fromsidewalksanddrivewaystoretainingwallsan
3、dpatios,concreteandmasonryareaprevalentpartofthesuburbanlandscape.Becauseofthevarietyofmaterialswhichmasonryincludes—brick,concreteblock,adobe,glassblock,naturalandcaststone—residentialmasonryconstructionspansarangeofeconomicmarkets,architec-turalstyles,regionalcustoms,a
4、ndserviceapplications.Inthechapterswhichfollow,themostcommonresidentialappli-cationsofconcreteandmasonryaredescribedindetail,includingfoundations,slabs,paving,veneers,retainingwalls,andpatios.Thetools,techniques,andrecommendedpracticesforeachmaterialandsystemarediscussed
5、,aswellasplanningandestimating.Thisbookiswrittenasareferenceforhomebuildersandresidentialmasonrycon-tractorsaswellasatextfortheapprenticewishingtolearnmoreaboutconcreteandmasonry.1CHAPTERONE21.1CharacteristicsandPerformanceConcreteisafluidmixtureofcement,aggregates,andwa
6、terwhichcanbeformedintodifferentshapesandcurestoahardanddurablecon-structionmaterial.Masonryisconstructionofnaturalbuildingstoneormanufacturedunitssuchasbrickorconcreteblock.Allbuildingmaterialsexpandandcontract.Concreteandothercement-basedproductsshrinkpermanently,andcl
7、ayproductsexpandpermanentlywithchangesinmoisturecontent.Bothmaterials(aswellaswood,metal,glass,andplastics)expandandcontractreversiblywithchangesintemperature.Sinceconcreteandmasonryarebrittle,ifconstructiondoesnotaccommodatethisexpansionandcontraction,crackingandwaterpe
8、netrationcanresult.Flexibleanchorageandtheinstallationofcontroljointsinconcreteandconcretemasonryandexp
