资源描述:
《英语自考现代语言学简答题》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、第一章绪论1.whyislanguagenotentirelyarbitrary?Becausetherearewordsineverylanguagethatimitatenaturalsounds,suchascrash,banginEnglish.besides,somecompoundwordsarealsonotentirelyarbitrary.thesewordscannotbemadefreely.2.whyislanguageculturallytransmittedandwhyareanimalcallsystemgeneticallytransmitte
2、d?Becausethedetailsofanylanguagearenotgeneticallytransmitted,butinsteadhavetobetaughtandlearnedanew.itispassedonfromonegenerationtoanotherthroughteachingandlearningratherthanbyinstinct.incontrast,animalsarebornwiththecapacitytoproducethesetofcallspeculiartotheirspecies,soanimalscallsystemar
3、egeneticallytransmitted.3.languagehasthedesignfeatureofduality.why?Thedualitynatureoflanguagemeansthatlanguageissystem,whichconsistsofftwosetsofstructures,ortwolevels,oneofsoundsandtheotherofmeanings.atthelowerorthebasiclevel,thereisthestructureofsounds,whicharemeaningless.Atthehigherlevel,
4、theunitscanbearrangedandrearrangedintoaninfinitenumberofsentences.4.whyisproductivityuniquetolanguage?Languageisproductiveorcreativeinthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalbyitsusers.Theuserscansendmessagewhichnooneelsehaseversentbefore.5.whatdoesthedisplacementfeatu
5、reoflanguagemean?Displacementmeansthatlanguagecanbeusedtorefertothingswhicharepresentornotpresent,realorimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfutureorinfar-awayplaces.inotherwordslanguagecanbeusedtorefercontextremovedfromtheimmediatesituationofthespeakers.6.howisthemodernlinguisticsdifferfromt
6、raditionalgrammar?Modernlinguisticsdiffersfromtraditionalgrammar.traditionalgrammarisprescriptive,itisbasedonhighwrittenlanguage.itsetsmodelsforlanguageuserstofollow.butmodernlinguisticsisdescriptive,itsinvestigationarebasedonauthentic,andmainlyspokenlanguagedata.Itissupposedtobescientifica
7、ndobjectiveandthetaskoflinguisticsissupposedtodescribethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,whetheritiscorrectornot.7.what’sthedistinctionbetweensynchronicstudyandadiachronic’sstudy?Languageexistsintimeandchangestroughtime.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointinti