食品专业英语 LESSON 9 Funoarental Principles Of Food Preserv

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1、Franceinthelate1790swasatwarandhavingdifficultyfeedingitspeople.Napoleon'sfightingforceshadadietofputridmeatandotheritemsofpoorquality.Thefoodsavailablecouldn'tbestoredortransportedexceptinadrystate.Recognizinganimportantproblemprizewasannouncedoffering12,OOOfrancsandfametoan

2、yoneinventingausefulmethodoffoodpreservation.  NicolasAppert,aFrenchconfectioner.workinginasimplekitchen.observedthatfoodheatedin.sealedcontainerswaspreservedifthecontainerwasnotreopenedorthesealdidnotleak.Hemodestlycalledtheprocess"theartofAppertizing".Appertreceivedtheaward

3、fromNapoleonafterspendingtenyearsprovinghisdiscovery. Itshouldbeappreciatedthatthecauseofspoilageoffoodwasunknown,ThegreatscientistsofthedayweresummonedtoevaluateAppert’sprocessandofferexplanationsforitsapparentsuccess.Theconclusionreachedwasthattheprocesswassuccessfulbecause

4、insomemysteriousandmagicalfashion,aircombinedwithfoodinasealedcontainer,preventingputrefaction.Thiswasquiteincorrect.Nevertheless,thecanningprocesswasdiscoveredandpracticedforthenext5Oyearswithsomesuccess,butinthedarknessofignorance.  Appertbeganworkonhisprocessin1795.PeterDu

5、randreceivedpatentsinEnglandin1810forglassandmetalcontainersforpackagingfoodstobecanned.Thetin-platedmetalcontainerswerecalled"conisters"fromwhichtheterm"can"isassumedtobederived.Earlymetalcontainerswerebulky,crudeanddifficulttoseal.By1823acanwithaholeinthetopwasinvented,allo

6、wingthefoodtobeheatedinboilingwaterbathswiththeholecoveredwithalooselid.Thelidwassolderedintoplaceaftertheheattreatment.Hole-in-topcansareinusepresentlyforcannedevaporatedmilk,althoughthecansaresealedpriortoheating. By1824Apperthaddevelopedschedulesforproessingsome50different

7、cannedfoods.MeatsandstewsprocessedbyAppertwerecarriedbySirEdwardPerryin1824inhissearchforanorthwestpassagetoIndia.SeveralcansoffoodfromthisvoyagewereobtainedfromtheNationalMaritimeMuseuminLondonin1938andopened.Thefoodwasfoundnontoxicforanimals.Interestinglytherewereisolatedfr

8、omthesecannedproductsbacteriawhichhadbeendormanforatleast114years.Gi