毕业论文（设计）Transformation-Rules-between-Different-Parts-of-Speech

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1、TransformationRulesbetweenDifferentPartsofSpeechIIntroductionNowthattranslationisalanguageactivity,itsessenceistotransfertheinformationorcontentofthesourcelanguagebytargetlanguage.Soitmaybedefinedasfollows:thereplacementoftextualmaterialinonelanguagebyequ

2、ivalentmaterialinanotherlanguage.Itisalsoagreedthateverythinginonelanguageistranslatablebyseekingitsequivalenceinanotherlanguage，nomatterhowgreatthedifferences，ofspace，timeandsocialrelationsbetweenthesetwolanguagesare.ThealsofamousAmericantranslationtheor

3、istEugeneA.Nidaholdsthat“Translationconsistsinthereproductioninthereceptorlanguageofthemessageofthesourcelanguageinsuchawaythatthereceptorsinthereceptorlanguagemaybeabletounderstandadequatelyhowtheoriginalreceptorofthesourcelanguageunderstoodtheoriginalme

4、ssage”.Heinsiststhatanythingexpressedinonelanguagecanneverthelessbeexpressedinanotherlanguage;peoplewithdifferentlanguagesfromdifferentculturescansurelycommunicatewitheachother，byseekingequivalence，reorganizingtheformandthesemanticstructureoftheoriginalme

5、ssage，inproperways，ofcourse.Allthisshowsusthatthecognitiveabilityofanynationwillnevergetrestrictedowingtoits“backward”languagestructure.Thenhowtoseekequivalencebecomesthecoreofthetranslationstudies，bothintheoryandpractice.Manyexcellenttranslationcriticsan

6、dworkershavedevotedthemselvestothiscoreproblem，andhaveundoubtedlymadegreatcontributionstothestudyofit.Whilesourcelanguageandtargetlanguageareneverthelesstwodifferentlanguagesintheworld.theyallhavetheiruniqueabilityofformingaword，theiruniquewordorder，their

7、uniquesignsofdiscourse.Theyhave，atthesametime，differentspeciallanguageformssuchasproverbsandpoems.Differencesbetweentwowidelydifferentlanguages，especiallyirrelevantlanguages，suchasEnglishandChinese，intheirstructures，formsofexpressionsandusagearemoreconspi

8、cuous.Whatwecall“equivalence”isbutanabstractconceptandanidealtargettostrivefor，soitisfarfrombeinganeasyjobtopracticeit.Itisnoteasy，butquiteworthtryingfor.24Transformationbetweenpartsofspeechhasbeenstudiedbymanyschol