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1、2015年职称英语理工A级原文出处(阅读理解) 第十三篇BetterSolarEnergySystems:MoreHeat,MoreLight Solarphotovoltaicthermalenergysystems,orPVTs,generatebothheatandelectricity,butuntilnowtheyhaven’tbeenverygoodattheheat-generatingpartcomparedtoastand-alonesolarthermalcollector.That’sbecausetheyoperateatlowtemperaturestocool
2、crystallinesiliconsolarcells,whichletsthesilicongeneratemoreelectricitybutisn’taveryefficientwaytogatherheat. That’saproblemofeconomics.Goodsolarhot-watersystemscanharvestmuchmoreenergythanasolar-electricsystematasubstantiallylowercost.Andit’salsoaspaceproblem:photovoltaiccellscantakeupallthespace
3、ontheroof,leavinglittleroomforthermalapplications. Inapairofstudies,JoshuaPearce,anassociateprofessorofmaterialsscienceandengineering,hasdevisedasolutionintheformofabetterPVTmadewithadifferentkindofsilicon.HisresearchcollaboratorsareKunalGirotrafromThinSiliconinCaliforniaandMichaelPathakandStephen
4、HarrisonfromQueen’sUniversity,Canada. Mostsolarpanelsaremadewithcrystallinesilicon,butyoucanalsomakesolarcellsoutofamorphoussilicon,commonlyknownasthin-filmsilicon.Theydon’tcreateasmuchelectricity,buttheyarelighter,flexible,andcheaper.And,becausetheyrequiremuchlesssilicon,theyhaveagreenerfootprint
5、.Unfortunately,thin-filmsiliconsolarcellsarevulnerabletosomebad-newsphysicsintheformoftheStaebler-Wronskieffect. “Thatmeansthattheirefficiencydropswhenyouexposethemtolight—prettymuchtheworstpossibleeffectforasolarcell,”Pearceexplains,whichisoneofthereasonsthin-filmsolarpanelsmakeuponlyasmallfracti
6、onofthemarket. However,PearceandhisteamfoundawaytoengineeraroundtheStaebler-Wronskieffectbyincorporatingthin-filmsiliconinanewtypeofPVT.Youdon’thavetocooldownthin-filmsilicontomakeitwork.Infact,Pearce’sgroupdiscoveredthatbyheatingittosolar-thermaloperatingtemperatures,neartheboilingpointofwater,th
7、eycouldmakethickercellsthatlargelyovercametheStaebler-Wronskieffect.Whentheyappliedthethin-filmsilicondirectlytoasolarthermalenergycollector,theyalsofoundthatbybakingthecellonceaday,theyboostedthesolarcell’
