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1、外文原文JSPapplicationframeworksbrianwright、michaelfreedmanhttp://book.huihoo.com/pdf/introduction-to-machine-learning/Whatareapplicationframeworks:Aframeworkisareusable,semi-completeapplicationthatcanbespecializedtoproducecustomapplications[Johnson].Likepeople,softwareapplicationsaremorealike
2、thantheyaredifferent.Theyrunonthesamecomputers,expectinputfromthesamedevices,outputtothesamedisplays,andsavedatatothesameharddisks.Developersworkingonconventionaldesktopapplicationsareaccustomedtotoolkitsanddevelopmentenvironmentsthatleveragethesamenessbetweenapplications.Applicationframew
3、orksbuildonthiscommongroundtoprovidedeveloperswithareusablestructurethatcanserveasthefoundationfortheirownproducts.Aframeworkprovidesdeveloperswithasetofbackbonecomponentsthathavethefollowingcharacteristics:1.Theyareknowntoworkwellinotherapplications.2.Theyarereadytousewiththenextproject.3
4、.Theycanalsobeusedbyotherteamsintheorganization.Frameworksaretheclassicbuild-versus-buyproposition.Ifyoubuildit,youwillunderstanditwhenyouaredone—buthowlongwillitbebeforeyoucanrollyourown?Ifyoubuyit,youwillhavetoclimbthelearningcurve—andhowlongisthatgoingtotake?Thereisnorightanswerhere,but
5、mostobserverswouldagreethatframeworkssuchasStrutsprovideasignificantreturnoninvestmentcomparedtostartingfromscratch,especiallyforlargerprojects.Othertypesofframeworks:Theideaofaframeworkappliesnotonlytoapplicationsbuttoapplicationcomponentsaswell.Throughoutthisarticle,weintroduceothertypes
6、offrameworksthatyoucanusewithStruts.TheseincludetheLucenesearchengine,theScaffoldtoolkit,theStrutsvalidator,andtheTilestaglibrary.Likeapplicationframeworks,thesetoolsprovidesemi-completeversionsofasubsystemthatcanbespecializedtoprovideacustomcomponent.Someframeworkshavebeenlinkedtoaproprie
7、tarydevelopmentenvironment.ThisisnotthecasewithStrutsoranyoftheotherframeworksshowninthisbook.YoucanuseanydevelopmentenvironmentwithStruts:VisualAgeforJava,JBuilder,Eclipse,Emacs,andTextpadareallpopularchoicesamongStrutsdevelopers.IfyoucanuseitwithJava,youcanu
