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1、棉花学报CottonScience2016,28(3):291―299施肥量对牛筋草与棉花竞争关系的影响*王新玲袁马小艳袁姜伟丽袁任相亮袁马亚杰袁王莹莹袁马艳渊中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室袁河南安阳455000冤摘要院在室外盆栽试验条件下袁棉花直播且每盆保留1个单株袁设置3个肥力处理渊不施肥处理尧常规施肥尧倍量施肥冤袁和5个牛筋草密度处理渊每盆0尧2尧4尧8和16株冤袁研究在不同施肥量条件下牛筋草对棉花生长发育尧产量及纤维品质的影响袁同时探索土壤肥力及杂草自身密度变化对牛筋草生长发育的影响遥结果
2、表明院与不施肥处理相比袁常规肥量可以促进棉花的营养生长袁增加籽棉产量袁并能提高棉花对牛筋草的竞争力曰但当施肥量增加至倍量时袁棉花的生长及产量指标与常规施肥量相比无明显优势袁过高的肥力反而促进牛筋草的生长发育袁增强了牛筋草的竞争力遥3个肥力条件下牛筋草对棉花产量造成显著影响的竞争临界密度分别为每盆4尧8和2株遥施肥量及牛筋草密度的变化对棉花的纤维品质并未造成影响遥随着土壤肥力的增加袁牛筋草的生物量尧分蘖数和抽穗数均逐渐增加曰在同一肥力条件下袁随着牛筋草密度的增加袁牛筋草种内竞争加剧袁牛筋草的株高尧分蘖数及单株生物量逐渐
3、降低遥关键词院施肥量曰棉花曰牛筋草曰密度曰竞争中图分类号院S562文献标志码院A文章编号院1002-7807渊2016冤03-0291-0910.11963/issn.1002-7807.201603013*WangXinling,MaXiaoyan,JiangWeili,RenXiangliang,MaYajie,WangYingying,MaYan(455000,)Anoutdoorpotexperimentwasperformedtodeterminetheeffectsoffertilizerlevelonc
4、ompetitionbetweencotton()andgoosegrass().Experimentswereperformedatthreefertilizerlevels(none,normalamount(bio-fertilizer2100kg,compoundfertilizer600kgandureafertilizer300kgperhectare),doubleamount)andfiveweeddensities(0,2,4,8,and16plantsperpot).Resultsrevealed
5、normalfertilizertreatmentpromotedcottonvegetativegrowthandyieldofseedcottonduetoincreasingitscompetitivenesstogoosegrasscomparedwithno-fertilizertreatment.Whentheamountoffertilizerwasdoubled,cottongrowthandyieldindiceswerenotevidentlyincreased,instead,goosegras
6、sgrowthanditscom-petitivenesswaspromoted.Underthethreefertilizerlevels,thedensitythresholdsofgoosegrassatwhichcottonyieldwassignif-icantlyreducedwere4,8,and2plantsperpot,respectively.Cottonfiberqualityindexeswereunaffectedbyweedcompetitionandfertilizerlevels.Th
7、eshootdryweight,tillernumber,andinflorescencenumberofgoosegrassincreasedwiththeincreaseoffertilitylevel.Underthesamefertilitylevel,goosegrassplantheight,tillernumber,andsingledryweighttendedtodecreaseduetotheintraspecificcompetitioncausedbyincreasedweeddensity.
8、fertilizer;cotton;goosegrass;density;competition牛筋草[(L.)Gaertn]袁属于禾区发生较多袁为秋收旱作物田危害较重的杂草袁[2]本科一年生杂草袁俗称蟋蟀草尧千人拔尧油葫芦草棉田尤为严重遥牛筋草结子量大袁单株即可产14[3]等遥作为世界十大恶性杂草之一袁目前已在60多万粒种子曰危害持续期长袁4
