系统动力学(名词解释)

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1、名词解释：SystemDynamics：Apowerfulmethodologyforframing,understanding,anddiscussingcomplexpolicyissuesandproblems,isamethodologyforstudyingandmanagingcomplexfeedbacksystems,suchasonefindsinbusinessandothersocialsystems.Mentalmodels:aretheimages(attitudesandassumptions)wec

2、arryinourmindsaboutourselves,otherpeople,institutions,andeveryaspectoftheworldwhichguideourinterpretationsandbehavior.System:Thebehaviorofasystemdependsnotonlyonthebehaviorofthecomponentsofasystembutalsoonhowthesecomponentsinteract.Systemdynamics:istheapplicationofsy

3、stemstheorytothebehaviorofcomplexsystems.complexsystems:aresystemsinwhichtherearemultipleinteractionsbetweenmanydifferentcomponents(oragents).dynamichypothesis:Oncetheproblemhasbeenidentifiedandcharacterizedoveranappropriatetime,modelermustdevelopatheorycalled“dynami

4、chypothesis”thataccountsfortheproblematicbehavior.Chaos:Whenthepresentdeterminesthefuture,buttheapproximatepresentdoesnotapproximatelydeterminethefuturelimitcycles:Ifanoscillatorysystemwithalocallyunstableequilibriumisgivenaslightnudgeoffitsequilibriumpoint,itsswings

5、growlargerandlargeruntiltheyareconstrainedbyvariousnonlinearities.Suchoscillationsareknownaslimitcycles.dynamiccomplexity:Thecomplexitygeneratedbytheinteractive-feedbackcausalitydirectedgraph:Itisagraph,orsetofnodesconnectedbyedges,wheretheedgeshaveadirectionassociat

6、edwiththem.Causeandeffect:isasimpleideainwhichactionsanddecisionshaveconsequences,Feedback:istheprocessinwhichanactiontakenbyapersonorthingwilleventuallyaffectthatpersonorthing.Feedbackloop:isaclosedsequenceofcausesandeffects简答：1.Theproblemofsystemdynamicshasthefollo

7、wingfourcharacteristics:Complexity:Ononehandmanyfactorsareincludedinthesystem;ontheotherhandthesefactorsinthegivensystemareconnectedwitheachother.Dynamics:Dynamiccharacteristicsreflectthedevelopingandchanginglawsofnature.Nonlinearity.Nonlinearcharacteristicsareimport

8、antrelationshipsamongmanyfactorsinsystemdynamics.Timelag:Itdescribesasituationwherethesystemoracertainpartofthesystemonlychangeafte