青贮玉米收获与贮存

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1、HarvestandStorageManagementofCornSilage玉米青贮的收获与贮藏管理LiminKung,Jr.龚立民Dept.ofAnimal&FoodScienceTopicsforDiscussion讨论主题Cornsilagequality青贮质量Optimumharvest最佳收获时节Choplength铡割长度Processing加工Inoculants接种剂Silomanagement青贮窖管理Feedoutmanagement饲喂管理CornSilag

2、eisMajorPartofaCowsDiet玉米青贮是奶牛日粮的主要部分Amajorsourceoffiberandenergyforthecow奶牛能量和纤维的主要来源35to40%ofthetotaldrymatteriscornsilageinmanydietsfordairycowsintheUS美国许多奶牛场，日粮干物质的35-40%是玉米青贮IssuesforCornSilageHarvestmanagement收获管理Drymatter(DM)content干物质Pa

3、rticlesize颗粒大小Kernelprocessing谷粒加工Silomanagement青贮窖管理Packing压实Sealing密封RelativeContributionstoCornSilageEnergyContent玉米青贮中能量的相对分布Starch淀粉45%NDF中洗纤维25%NFC非纤维碳水化合物10%CP粗蛋白10%Fat脂肪10%Shaver,2003CornSilageGradingSystem玉米青贮的分级系统ItemTargetYourForageScor

4、e成分目标你的粗饲料评分Drymatter干物质,%3326-7NDF中洗纤维,%4260-18CP粗蛋白,%89+1Starch淀粉,%3210-22NDF-D消化率,%5755-2(30h)TotalScore总评分-46Hutjens2005HarvestQualityandSiloManagementAffectFeedingValue收获质量和青贮窖管理影响饲喂价值Poorqualityforage差质量粗饲料->PoorSilageManagement差的青贮管理->=Poorqual

5、itysilage差质量青贮Poorqualityforage差质量粗饲料->ExcellentSilageManagement好的青贮管理->=Poorqualitysilage差质量青贮Highqualityforage高质量粗饲料->PoorSilageManagement差的青贮管理->=Poorqualitysilage差质量青贮Highqualityforage高质量粗饲料->ExcellentSilageManagement好的青贮管理->=Highqualitysilage高质量青

6、贮DryMatterLossesFromGoodandPoorSiloManagement不同管理条件下干物质的损失ItemGoodmanagementPoormanagement分类好的管理差的管理Respirationlosses呼吸损失2-4%6-15%Fermentation4-6%10-15%losses发酵损失Seepagelosses渗流损失0%5-15%Storagelosses贮藏损失4-7%10-30%fromair(storage)Potentialtotal8-14%20-

7、45%DMlosses潜在的总的干物质损失ValueofForageLostbyPoorSiloManagement–basedon$30/t差的管理引起的饲料价值的损失Tonsof-----DMLosses-----Forage/yr吨/年10%15%20%7,50026,25039,37552,50015,00052,50078,750105,00030,000105,000157,500210,000DefinitionofaHighQualitySilage优质青贮的定义Highnutr

8、ientrecovery保留大量的营养物质Highnutritiveconcentration高营养浓度Especiallystarch特别是淀粉Highdigestibility高消化率Starchandfiber淀粉和纤维OptimumHarvestTimeforCornSilage玉米青贮的最佳收获时节32to35%wholeplantDM整株32-35%的干物质Goodstarchcontentanddigestibility淀粉量高消化率高Goodfiberdig