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1、ModelingThermalDeathofFruitFliesForJackByShaojinWangandJumingTangThethermalmortalitydatadeterminedbytheheatingblocksystemhavebeenvalidatedbyinfestationstudiesinapples(Wangetal.,2005,inreview),cherries(Fengetal.,2004,Hansenetal.,2004),andwalnuts(Wangetal.,2001,2002c;Mitchametal.,2004).Thosedata
2、aresuccessfullyusedtodevelopthethermaldeathkineticmodelsforcodlingmoth(Wangetal.,2002a),Indianmealmoth(Johnsonetal.,2003),navelorangeworm(Wangetal.2002b),Mediterraneanfruitfly(Gazitetal.,2004),redflourbeetle(Johnsonetal.,2004)andMexicanfruitfly(Hallmanetal.,2005).Thefollowingisthefurtherapplic
3、ationofthefundamentalthermaldeathkineticmodeltofourfruitfliesinHilo,HI.Thermaldeathkineticmodel(0.5thorder)Thekineticmodelissimilartothatpreviouslyusedforcodlingmoth(Wangetal.2002a),Indianmealmoth(Johnsonetal.,2003)andnavelorangeworm(Wangetal.2002b),andisbasedonthefollowingequation:(1)wherenis
4、thekineticorderofthereaction.Theintegrationformofequation1canbeobtainedfordifferentreactionordersasfollows:(2)Foreachtemperature,survival(N/N0)wasregressedagainstexposuretime(t)accordingtoequation2forthe0,0.5,1,1.5,and2reactionorders.Themostsuitablereactionorderwasdeterminedbycomparingthecoeff
5、icientsofdetermination(R2)foralltreatmenttemperatures(Table1).ActivationEnergyCalculationFromTDTcurve,theactivationenergycanbecalculatedas:(3)30Fromk-Tcurve,thevalueofkchangeswithtemperature,followinganArrheniusrelationship:(4)Takinglogarithmforbothsides,wecanderivethefollowing:logk=logA-Ea/(2
6、.303*R*/T)(5)Eacanbecalculatedfromtheslopeofthek-Tcurve.ThermaldeathkineticmodelsforeggsTable1a.Coefficientsofdetermination(R2)fromkineticorder(n)modelsforthermalmortalityofMediterraneanfruitfly(Medfly)eggsatfourtemperaturesTemperature(°C)n=0n=0.5n=1n=1.5n=2440.9110.9970.7920.4230.267460.8230.
7、9320.9330.8450.783480.8480.9410.9240.7250.600500.8830.9800.9110.6550.561Mean0.8660.9630.8900.6620.553Table1b.Coefficientsofdetermination(R2)fromkineticorder(n)modelsforthermalmortalityofmelonfly(Melfly)eggsatfourtemperaturesTemperature(
