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1、七宝中学SectionDDirections:Readthefollowingpassageandcompletethesentencesoranswerthequestionsaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.ChinesearchitecturereferstoastyleofarchitecturethathastakenshapeinAsiaovermanycenturies.ThestructuralprinciplesofChinesearchitecturehaveremainedlarg
2、elyunchanged,themainchangesbeingonlythedecorativedetails.SincetheTangDynasty,ChinesearchitecturehashadamajorinfluenceonthearchitecturalstylesofKorea,VietnamandJapan.ThearchitectureofChinaisasoldasChinesecivilization.Fromeverysourceofinformation-literary,graphic,exemplary-thereisstrongevidencetes
3、tifyingtothefactthattheChinesehavealwaysemployedanindigenous(本土的)systemofconstructionthathasretaineditsprincipalcharacteristicsfromprehistorictimestothepresentday.OverthevastareafromChineseTurkistantoJapan,fromManchuria(满洲)tothenorthernhalfofFrenchIndochina,thesamesystemofconstructionisprevalent
4、;andthiswastheareaofChineseculturalinfluence.Thatthissystemofconstructioncouldexistformorethanfourthousandyearsoversuchavastterritoryandstillremainalivingarchitecture,retainingitsprincipalcharacteristicsinspiteofrepeatedforeigninvasions-military,intellectual,andspiritual-isaphenomenoncomparableo
5、nlytothecontinuityofthecivilizationofwhichitisanintegralpart.ThefollowingarticlegivesaroughexplanationoftraditionalChinesearchitecture,beforetheintroductionofWesternbuildingmethodsduringtheearlycentury.ThroughouttheCentury,however,Western-trainedChinesearchitectshaveattemptedtocombinetraditional
6、Chinesedesignsintomodern(usuallygovernment)buildings,withonlylimitedsuccess.Moreover,thepressureforurbandevelopmentthroughoutcontemporaryChinarequiredhigherspeedofconstructionandhigherfloorarearatio,whichmeansthatinthegreatcitiesthedemandfortraditionalChinesebuildings,whicharenormallylessthan3le
7、vels,hasdeclinedinfavorofmodernarchitecture.However,thetraditionalskillsofChinesearchitecture,includingmajorcarpentry,minorcarpentry,masonry,andstonemasonry,arestillappliedtotheconstructionofvernaculararchitecture(乡土建筑)inthe