direct speech and indirect speech

《direct speech and indirect speech》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。

1、直接引语间接引语引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。(I)直接引语转变为间接引语时，时间状语一般要作一定的改变。常见的有：now→then;today→thatday;tomorrow→tomorrow/thenextday;nextweek→nextweek/thenextweek;ago→before;yesterday→thedaybefore;yesterdayafternoon→theafternoonbefore等。如：Hesaid,“Iwillcallyoutomorrow.”Hesaidhewouldcallmeto

2、morrow/thenextday.(II)从直接引语变为间接引语，陈述句用that引导,例如：Hesaid“Idon’twanttogowithher.”→Hesaidthathedidnotwanttogowithher.III.间接疑问句(IndirectQuestions)疑问句的间接引语，叫做间接疑问句。可分为两个类型。I)一般疑问句、选择疑问句和附加疑问句变为间接引语时要用从属连词whether或if来引导。1．一般疑问句的间接引语，由whether或if引导：Heaskedme,"Istheboyyourbrother/Willyougowi

3、thme?"→Heaskedmewhether/iftheboywasmybrother/Iwouldgowithhim.2.选择疑问句间接引语，由whether引导："DoyoustudyEnglishorJapanese?"thegirlaskedTom.→ThegirlaskedTomwhetherhestudiedEnglishorJapanese.II)特殊疑问句的间接引语，由疑问词引导。Heasked,"Whatdoyoumeanbythat/Whydidheleave?"→HeaskedwhatI/he/shemeantbythat/whyh

4、eleft.。IV.间接祈使句(IndirectImperatives/Commands)祈使句的间接引语，叫做间接祈使句。通常由带动词不定式的复合宾语结构来充当。这时的主动词通常为ask,tell,order，或command,request,require,beg,entreat,urge等。例如:"Pleaseshutthedoor,"Isaidtohim.→Iaskedhimtoshutthedoor.以let开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时可根据其不同情景中的具体意义来进行相应的改变。如："Letusgooutandplayforawhilemoth

5、er,"Isaid.→Iaskedmothertoletusgooutandplayforawhile.时态的变化(1)直接引语转变为间接引语时，若主句谓语是现在时，则宾语从句中的原有时态一般无须改变。(2)直接引语转变为间接引语时，若主句谓语是过去时，则从句谓语时态应作相应的变化。常见的有：一般现在时→一般过去时现在进行时→过去进行时一般将来时→过去将来时现在完成时→过去完成时一般过去时→过去完成时过去进行时→过去完成进行时现在完成进行时→过去完成进行时例如：Katesaid,“IwillcometoschoolnextSunday.”Katesaid(

6、that)shewouldcome/gotoschool(the)nextSunday.但在下列特殊情况下，动词的时态不能改变或者可以不变。一、直接引语引述的是客观事实(真理)、政治信念、宗教信仰时，时态一般不变。例如：Theteachersaid,"TheEarthmovesroundtheSun."TheteachersaidthattheEarthmovesroundtheSun.二、直接引语引述的是现在的习惯性动作或状态时，时态一般不变。例如：Mrs.Greensaid,"Lindarunshalfamileeverymorning."→Mrs.G

7、reensaidthatLindarunshalfamileeverymorning.YesterdayJohnsaid,"Theboyissix."→YesterdayJohnsaidthattheboyissix.三、直接引语引述的是科学事实或道理，如地理特征、医学常识、自然现象等，时态一般不变。ProfessorLisaid,"ChinaislargerthantheU.S."→ProfessorLisaidthatChinaislargerthantheU.S.DoctorSmithsaid,"Smokingisharmfultoourhealth

8、."→DoctorSmithsaidthatsmokingisha