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1、高考英语任务型阅读专项训练（一）Atthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury,manypeoplethoughtthattheAmericanfamilywasfallingapart.Acenturylater,weknowthatthiswasnotthecase.However,althoughthefamilyisstillaliveintheUnitedStates,itssizeandshapewereverydifferent100yearsago.Inthelate1800sandearly19
2、00s,thereweremainlytwotypesoffamiliesintheUnitedStates:theextendedandthenuclear.Theextendedfamilyusuallyincludesgrandparents,parents,andchildrenlivingunderthesameroof.Thenuclearfamilyconsistsofonlyparentsandchildren.Todaytherearemanydifferentkindsoffamilies.Somepeopleliv
3、ein“traditional”families,thatis,astay-homemother,aworkingfather,andtheirownbiologicalchildren.Othersliveintwo-paycheckfamilies,single-parentfamilies,adoptiveorfoster,families,blendedfamilies(wheremenandwomenwhoweremarriedbeforemarryagainandcombinethechildrenfrompreviousm
4、arriagesintothenewfamilies），childlessfamilies,andsoon.Whatcausedthestructureofthefamilytochange?Intheearly1900sthebirthratebegantofallandthedivorceratebegantorise.Womenweresuddenlychoosingtogotocollegeandtakejobsoutsidethehome.Inthe1930sand1940s,manyfamiliesfacedseriousf
5、inancial,ormoneyproblemsduringtheGreatDepression,whenmanypeoplelosttheirjobs.DuringWorldWarII（1939-1945)，5millionwomenwereleftalonetotakecareoftheirhomesandtheirchildren.Becausemanymenwereatwar,thousandsofthese"warwidows"hadtogotoworkoutsidetheirhome.Duringthenexttenyear
6、s,thesituationchanged.Therewerefewerdivorces,andpeoplemarriedatayoungerageandhadmorechildrenthanthepreviousgeneration.Itwasunusualforamothertoworkoutsidethehomeduringtheyearswhenherchildrenweregrowingtip.Familiesbeganleavingcitiesandmovingintosingle-familyhomesinthesubur
7、bs.Thetraditionalfamilyseemedtobereturning.Intheyearsbetween1960sand1990s,thereweremanyimportantchangesinthestructureofthefamily.Fromthe1960stotheearly1970s,thedivorceratedoubledandthebirthratefellbyhalf.Thenumberofsingle-parentfamiliestripled,andthenumberofcouplesliving
8、togetherwithoutbeingmarrieddoubledagain.Infact,thesingle-parenthousehold,onceunusual,hasreplacedthe"tra
