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1、LogisticsEnglishLuoDe,JinBo.LogisticsEnglish[M].HIGHEREDUCATIONPRESS.2007,(1)ServiceresponselogisticsactivitiesServiceresponselogisticshasthreeprimaryactivities:waitingtime,capacity,anddelivery(seeFigure4.1).Waitingtimereferstothemanagementofthetimeacustomermustwaitbeforetheserviceiscons
2、umedorrendered.Capacityisthemanagement,scheduling,andstaffingofpeopleandequipmenttomeetapredeterminedlevelofcustomerservicethatisconsistentwithpreestablishedcosttrade-offs.Schedulingtoolittlecapacitymayleadtolostsales,whileschedulingtoomuchmayenhancecustomerservicelevelsbutunprofitablein
3、creaseoperationscosts.Thethirdserviceresponselogisticsactivityisdelivery.Itisdefinedaschoosingthedistributionchannelstodelivertheservicetothecustomer.Thethreeserviceresponselogisticsactivitiesmustoperatetogethertomeetcustomerservicerequirements.Iftheydonotoperateasasystem,theydonotyieldt
4、hefullbenefits.Also,serviceresponselogisticsmustcoordinatewiththerestoflogistics.Almostallproductshaveserviceattachedtothem,andmanyserviceshaveattachedproducts.ThatiswhythemodelinFigure4.1showstraditionallogisticsactivitiesandserviceresponseactivitiesasacoordinatedsystem.Evolutionofthein
5、tegratedlogisticsconceptTothosenotinvolvedinintegratedlogistics,itappearedfromoutoftheblue.Thisisfarfromthetruth!Integratedlogisticshasbeenaroundthroughouthumanhistory.ThegreatexplorerslikeAlexandertheGreat,Columbus,andMagellanappliedlogisticsconceptstoexpandterritoriesandfindshortertrad
6、eroutes.Theterm“logistics”asusedtodayoriginatedinthemilitaryduringWorldWarⅡ.Militarylogisticsfocusedonthestrategicmovementofmilitarypersonnelandsupplies.Whenmilitarylogisticiansreturnedfromthewar,theybegantoapplywhattheyhadlearnedtotheproblemsofbusinesslogistics.Intheearly1960s,PeterDruc
7、kerbroughttheconcepttotheforefront.Inanarticleentitled“TheEconomy’sDarkContinent,”Druckersaidthat:“WeknowlittlemoretodayaboutdistributionthanNapoleon’scontemporariesknewabouttheinteriorofAfrica.Weknowitisthere,andweknowitisbig,andthat’saboutall.”Inthatsamearticle,Druckera
