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1、Theresearchofdigitalimageprocessingtechnique1IntroductionInterestindigitalimageprocessingmethodsstemsfromtwoprincipalapplicationareas:improvementofpictorialinformationforhumaninterpretation;andprocessingofimagedataforstorage,transmission,andrepresentationforautonomousmachi
2、neperception.Thischapterhasseveralobjectives:(1)todefinethescopeofthefieldthatwecallimageprocessing;(2)togiveahistoricalperspectiveoftheoriginsofthisfield;(3)togiveanideaofthestateoftheartinimageprocessingbyexaminingsomeoftheprincipalareainwhichitisapplied;(4)todiscussbrie
3、flytheprincipalapproachesusedindigitalimageprocessing;(5)togiveanoverviewofthecomponentscontainedinatypical,general-purposeimageprocessingsystem;and(6)toprovidedirectiontothebooksandotherliteraturewhereimageprocessingworknormallyisreporter.1.1WhatIsDigitalImageProcessing?A
4、nimagemaybedefinedasatwo-dimensionalfunction,f(x,y),wherexandyarespatial(plane)coordinates,andtheamplitudeoffatanypairofcoordinates(x,y)iscalledtheintensityorgrayleveloftheimageatthatpoint.Whenx,y,anddigitalimage.Thefieldofdigitalimageprocessingreferstoprocessingdigitalima
5、gesbymeansofadigitalcomputer.Notethatadigitalimageiscomposedofafinitenumberofelements,eachofwhichhasaparticularlocationandvalue.Theseelementsarereferredtoaspictureelements,imageelements,pels,andpixels.Pixelisthetermmostwidelyusedtodenotetheelementsofadigitalimage.Weconside
6、rthesedefinitionsinmoreformaltermsinChapter2.Visionisthemostadvancedofoursenses,soitisnotsurprisingthatimagesplaythesinglemostimportantroleinhumanperception.However,unlikehumanwhoarelimitedtothevisualbandoftheelectromagnetic(EM)spectrum,imagingmachinescoveralmosttheentireE
7、Mspectrum,rangingfromgammatoradiowaves.Theycanoperateonimagesgeneratedbysourcesthathumanarenotaccustomedtoassociatingwithimage.Theseincludeultrasound,electronmicroscopy,andcomputer-generatedimages.Thus,digitalimageprocessingencompassesawideandvariedfieldofapplication.There
8、isnogeneralagreementamongauthorsregardingwhereimageprocessingstopsandotherrelatedareas,su
