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1、–ing形式作状语ThePresentParticipleasAdverbialGrammaring分词作状语可以表示时间,原因,结果,条件,让步,方式或伴随情况等。-ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化,通常有下表几种形式(以do为例)-ing分词的构成1.___________________(作为一名学生),hewasinterestedinbooks.(be)2._____________________________(被一个陌生人跟着),shewasafraidofbeingrobbed.(
2、follow)3.______________________________(回完信后),shewentontoreadanEnglishnovel.(answer)4._________________________(参观完实验室之后),weweretakentoseethelibrary.(visit)5._____________________________(被告之了很多次),hestillmadethesamemistake.(tell)BeingastudentHavingansweredtheletterHavingvis
3、itedthelabHavingbeentoldmanytimesBeingfollowedbyastranger1.-ing分词的否定形式是由not加-ing分词构成e.g.不知道他的地址,我只好在家里等着。Notknowinghisaddress,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait._____________________(没有完成)theprogramme,theyhadtostaythereforanothertwoweeks.(complete)Nothavingcompleted_______
4、________________(没有能完成)hiswork,hewaspunishedbyhisboss.(able,finish)Notbeingabletofinish注意要点2.分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致,必须用独立主格结构来表示,也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。1.Comparingallthegreatpeoplewitheachother,you’llfindthattheyhavemuchincommon.2.Findinghercarstolen,shehurriedtoapolice
5、manforhelp.3.Thetrainhavinggone,wehadtowaitanotherday.分析:前两例中,-ing形式的逻辑主语均为主句的主语。最后一例中havinggone的逻辑主语是thetrain。但是,Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.Supposingyoulose,whatwillyoudo?Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthenorth.这类现在分词被称之为“悬垂分词/评注性状语”,例如:Given.....(给予..
6、...的话),totellyouthetruth(说实话),considering.....(考虑到),supposing(假设),generally(frankly,honestly…)speaking,judgingfrom(从…判断),talkingof,speakingof(谈到)..........e.g.Hishairbecamegreywiththeyearspassing.随着时间的推移,他的头发变花.Withoutanyonenoticing,heslippedthroughthewindow.没人注意,他从窗户溜了出去。3
7、.“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing分词”结构在句中作状语,表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。_______________________(随着时间的推移),mother’shairbecamegrey.(with,go)______________________(随着时间的推移),mother’shairbecamegrey.(as,go)Withtimegoingby/onAstimewentby/on4.分词短语做状语时,分词短语和句子之间不能用连词(如but,and),因为连词接的是两个并列成分,而分词短语只是全
8、句的一个状语部分,分词和主句之间可用逗号。例如:Havingbeentoldmanytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.Hew