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1、GuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况英语国家概况TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandChapter4EconomyTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland英语国家概况FirstBritishEmpire:19thCenturyItincludedthecoloniesinCanada,Australia,NewZealand,IndiaandmanysmallstatesintheWestIndiesSecondBritishE
2、mpireduringtheVictorianAge:Mid-andlate-19thCenturyQueenVictoria’sforeignpolicy—NewImperialismItincludedthecoloniesinAustralia,NewZealandandCanada—dominionsVictoria—“EmpressofIndia”InAsia,occupiedBurmaandsomeothersmallstates.OpiumWaragainstChinaInAfrica,controlSuezCanalandconquerEgyptUnionofSou
3、thAfrica—the4thdominionWarm-up:BritishEmpireOntheEveofWorldWarI,Britainhadthelargestcolonialempiretheworldhadeverseen.aterritoryof33.5millionsquarekilometers(1/4oftheworld’stotalland).apopulationof393.5million(8timesaslargeasthatinBritain)BritishEmpireProsperity→DeclineThreestages●before1880s:
4、theBritisheconomywasdominantintheworld.●1900-1945:first→second●1945-present:second→sixthWhatarethemainreasonsforthedeclining?Answer(P69)RiseoftheUSandGermanyWardebtsPost-wardecolonizationSubstantialmilitaryexpensesStickingtotheoldindustriesanditssystemRecentHistoryofBritishEconomyCurrentBritis
5、hEconomyIIIIICONTENTIAnOverviewIAnOverviewTheUK,aleadingtreadingpowerandfinancialcenter,isoneofthestrongesteconomiesofWesternEurope.Overthepasttwodecades,thegovernmenthasgreatlyreducedpublicownershipandcontainedthegrowthofsocialwelfareprograms.Agricultureisintensive,highlymechanized,andefficie
6、ntbyEuropeanstandards,producingabout60%foodneedwithlessthan2%ofthelaborforce.TheUKhaslargecoal,naturalgas,andoilresources,butitsoilandnaturalgasreservesaredecliningandtheUKbecameanetimporterofenergyin2005;energyindustriesnowcontributeabout4%toGDP.Services,banking,insurance,andbusinessservices,
7、accountbyfarforthelargestproductionofGDPwhileindustrycontinuestodeclineinimportance.TobecontinuedSinceemergingfromrecessionin1992,Britain’seconomyenjoyedthelongestperiodofexpansiononrecordingduringwhichtimegrowthoutpacedmostofwesternEur
