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1、ClassificationandTranslationofIdioms习语的分类与翻译Eachlanguagecontainsmanyelementsderivedfromitsculture,suchasidiomsandotherfixedexpressions.First,itisnecessarytohaveaclearknowledgeofsomebasicconcepts.一、ABriefDiscussionofSeveralFundamentalConcepts1.1DefinitionofIdi
2、omsEachlanguagehasmanyidioms.Idiomsarelinguisticchunks(语言模块)madeupoffixedexpressionsandsentences.Idiomsincludesetphrases,proverbs,allusions,commonsayingsorfolkadages(俗语),ect.Theyareknownas“熟语”inChinese.Themeaningofanidiomisnotclearfromthemeaningofitsindividua
3、lwords.Anidiommustbelearnedasawholeunit.Englishhasmanyidioms.E.g.giveway,achangeofheart,behardputtoit.Chinesealsoboastsplentyofidioms.E.g.“小题大做”(tomakeamountainoutofamolehill鼹丘)、“后来居上”、“朝秦暮楚”(serve等。theStateofQininthemorningandtheStateofChuintheevening—bequic
4、ktoswitchsides;befickle;beinconstant);“杯弓蛇影”(mistakingthereflectionofabowinthecupforasnake—besetwithimaginaryfears;extremelysuspicious);“杯水车薪”（tryingtoputoutablazingcartloadoffaggotswithacupofwater—anutterlyinadequatemeasure）Idiomsarebasedonpeople’scommonexpe
5、riencesinlife.Theyshinewithpeople’swisdomandtheyarecharacterizedbynationalcultures.Nowondersomepeoplesaythatidiomsarethecreamorthebestpartoflanguage.Translationisnotonlyaninter-lingualtransfer,butalsoacross-culturalcommunication.Beforewetalkabouttranslationof
6、idioms,wethinkthatitisnecessarytodiscusstherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture.betweenlanguageandculture.1.2TheRelationshipBetweenLanguageandCultureCultureisthemediumevolvedbyhumanstosurvive.Nothinginhumanlifeisfreefromculturalinfluence.Itisthekeystoneinciv
7、ilization’sarchandisthemediumthroughwhichalllife’seventsmustflow(Samovar&Porter,2000:22).Cultureisreallyanextremelywideandcomplexconcept.Themoderntechnicaldefinitionofculture,associallypatternedhumanthoughtandbehavior,wasoriginallyproposedbythe19thcen-turyBri
8、tishanthropologist,EdwardTylor(2005):“Culture…isthatcomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge,beliefs,arts,moral,law,customsandanyothercapa-bilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Thes
