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1、记笔记:常用符号和缩略语(Note-taking:UsefulSignsandAbbreviations)1.常用笔记符号:符号信息意义箭头符号↑上升;提高;增强;上涨;增长;扩大;起飞;升空;提拔;晋升(grow,expand,develop,rise,goup,increase,ascend,launch,skyrocket,soar,appreciation涨价,promote,upwards)↓下降;下沉;降低;滑坡;轰炸;减少;恶化;降职;削减/裁减(dropto,bomb,jump,g
2、o down, descend, decrease, deteriorate腐烂变坏,depreciation小看轻视贬值减价reduce,downwards)↗上扬;渐渐好转(becomebetterandbetter)↘下挫;不断亏损(becomeworseandworse)→出口;去;向前;出国;前往;运往;导致;发展成为…(exportto, enter,arrivein/at,presentto,resultin,send to, transmit to, lead to, export
3、 to,cause)←回顾;从前;进口;倒退;来自;源于(comefrom, originatefrom,receivefrom,gobackto,import from)例如:café←French意为: café源自于法语数学符号+增加;补充;除此之外另外(furthermore, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc)—减少;删除;缺乏(minus,lack)×表示“不对的,错的,坏的,不好的,臭名昭著的”(incorrect,wrong,bad,i
4、nappropriate,notorious)>超过,大于,胜过,优于(more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to)<小于,不足,次于,逊色(fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to) = 等于符号(equal) 在听力笔记中相当于“与…一样”(equal to, the same as), 另外可以表示“是…的对手“(a ri-val, a competitor)等意
5、思。那么,≠表示否定意思“不等于”(not equal to ),或者“不是…对手”(nomatchfor)≈表示“大约,左右”(approximately,around,about,orso)∑总和;总数(total,thetotalnumber/sum,totally)∵表示“原因,理由”(because, owing to, thanks to, due to)∴表示“结果、结论”(therefore, as a result, consequently, so)标点符号:表示“说,告诉,认
6、为,宣称,声明,抗议,譬如”(say,speak,tell,declare,announce,protest,suchas)?表示“问题,疑问,问”(question,doubt,suspicious,skeptical,ask)·(1)表示“观点,意见,注意,论点”(viewpoint,opinion,idea,point)(2)表示不同的时间概念。如用“d”表示“今天”(today),那么“昨天”(yesterday)即用“·d”表示,“前天”(the day before yesterday
7、)同理类推,可记为“··d”,3天前(Three days ago)可写成“·3d”;“d·”表示“明天”(tomor-row),“d··”表示“后天”(the day after tomorrow)。!表示“惊讶,很重要”(veryimportant,vital,crucial,critical)()表示“包括,在…之中”(including,within,among,inside)其他符号forthequalityofreviewsandreview.Article26threview(a)t
8、heCCRAcompliance,whethercopiesofchecks;(B)whetherdoubleinvestigation;(C)submissionofprogramcompliance,investigationorexaminationofwhetherviewsareclear;(D)theborrower,guarantorloans1⊙表示会议室的圆桌(round table), 中间的一点可以把它看作一个烟灰缸或一个花瓶,因此整个符号表示“会议,开会”(