background guide--general assembly

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1、BackgroundGuideGAGeneralAssemblyTopic:A.SecurityCouncilReformB.GlobalIlliteracy背景文件BackgroundGuide福州市校际模拟联合国大会FuzhouInterscholasticModelUnitedNationsConferenceSupportedbyFuzhouNo.1MiddleSchoolPage45BackgroundGuideGAContents—SecurityCouncilReformSecurityCouncilBackgr

2、ound3CallingforSecurityCouncilReform4Reforms5PastInternationalActions17OverallPositionsofcountriesandblocs21—GlobalIlliteracyToallthedelegatesintheGeneralAssembly26GeneralAssembly28Backgroundoftheissues31BlocsPositions36Questionstoconsider44Reference45Page45Backgrou

3、ndGuideGASecurityCouncilBackgroundTheSecurityCouncilhasprimaryresponsibility,undertheCharterforthemaintenanceofinternationalpeaceandsecurity.Itissoorganizedastobeabletofunctioncontinuously,andarepresentativeofeachofitsmembersmustbepresentatalltimesatUnitedNationsHea

4、dquarters.On31stJanuary1992,thefirsteverSummitMeetingoftheCouncilwasconvenedatHeadquarters,attendedbyHeadsofStateandGovernmentof13ofits15membersandbytheMinistersforForeignAffairsoftheremainingtwo.TheCouncilmaymeetelsewherethanatHeadquarters;in1972,itheldasessioninAd

5、disAbaba,Ethiopia,andthefollowingyearinPanamaCity,Panama.Whenacomplaintconcerningathreattopeaceisbroughtbeforeit,theCouncil'sfirstactionisusuallytorecommendtothepartiestotrytoreachanagreementbypeacefulmeans.Insomecases,theCouncilitselfundertakesinvestigationandmedia

6、tion.ItmayappointspecialrepresentativesorrequesttheSecretary-Generaltodosoortousehisgoodoffices.Itmaysetforthprinciplesforapeacefulsettlement.Whenadisputeleadstofight,theCouncil'sfirstconcernistobringittoanendassoonaspossible.Onmanyoccasions,theCouncilhasissuedcease

7、-firedirectiveswhichhavebeeninstrumentalinpreventingwiderhostilities.ItalsosendsUnitedNationspeace-keepingforcestohelpreducetensionsintroubledareas,keepopposingforcesapartandcreateconditionsofcalminwhichpeacefulsettlementsmaybesought.TheCouncilmaydecideonenforcement

8、measures,economicsanctions(suchastradeembargoes)orcollectivemilitaryactions.IfaMemberStateisagainstanypreventiveorenforcementactionswhichh