jazz-from j to z 爵士乐：爵士完全手册（一）

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1、Jazz:FromJtoZ爵士乐：爵士完全手册（一）　　Here’satrickyquestionforyou：whatdoNewOrleansfunerals，coffeeshops，andelevatorsallhaveincommon？Giveup？Theyareallplaceswhereyoumighthearjazzmusic.OK，maybethatwasanunfairquestion，butjazzmusicisheardinalltheseplaces，andinmanyotherplacesaswell.Sowhatexa

2、ctlyisjazz？Wherediditcomefrom？Andhowisitdifferentfromotherkindsofmusic？　　Jazzmusicevolvedinthe“meltingpot”oftheUnitedStates.ThistermdescribeshowdifferentforeignculturesmixtogetherintheUnitedStates，oftencreatingnewideas，newartforms，andeventuallynewcultures.Attheendofthe19thce

3、ntury，oneAmericancitywasdoingmore“melting”thanmost.ThatcitywasNewOrleans.　　Inthelate1800sNewOrleanswasanopenandfreesoutherncity.PeoplefromAfrica，theCaribbean，Spain，andelsewheredrank，fought，sang，andplayedmusictogether.WhereasmanyothersouthernAmericancitieswereraciallysegregat

4、ed，NewOrleanswasatruemeltingpot.Andoneofthethingsthatpouredoutofthispotwas，youguessedit，jazz.　　Themusicalrootsofjazzarenumerousandintertwined.Buttomakeiteasiertounderstand，wecansaythatjazzdevelopedfromthecombinationoftwogeneralmusicalstyles：ragtimeandblues.　　Ragtimeisakindof

5、musicplayedbyasolopianist.It’sveryfast，it’sexciting，andmostimportantly，it’ssyncopated.Whatissyncopation？Youknowhowwhenyoulistentorock，rap，oranypopularmusic，it’seasytoclapyourhandswiththebeat.That’sbecausethesestylesarenotsyncopated；theyhaveevenlyspacedaccents.Thedifferencewi

6、thsyncopatedmusicisthattheaccentedbeatsarenotevenlydivided；Theaccentschangealongwiththemelody.Jazzmusicborrowedsyncopatedrhythmsfromragtime，andsyncopationiswhatmakesjazzthelively，energeticmusicthatitistoday.　　Thesecondmainingredientinjazzisbluesmusic.Bluesis，atheart，averysim

7、plekindofmusic.Theaveragebluessonghasarepeating8or12-measuremelody.Jazzborrowedthisstructure，andmanyjazzsongsstilluseittoday.Also，bluesmusicusesmanyuniquemusicalscales，inwhichcertainnotesaredeliberatelyplayed“flat.”Thesescalesgivebluesitstrademarklonelysound.Jazzsongscommonl

8、yusethesebluesscales，andit’softenpossibletohear“theblues”inmodernjazzsongs.