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1、Unit3AmericanBeginnings(I)1.WhatisanAmerican?J.HectorSt.JohndeCrevecoeur:LettersfromanAmericanFarmer(1782)HeiseitheraEuropean,orthedescendantofaEuropean,hencethatstrangemixtureofblood,whichyouwillfindinnoothercountry.HeisanAmerican,wholeavingbehindhimallhisa
2、ncientprejudicesandmanners,receivesnewonesfromthenewmodeoflifehehasembraced,thenewgovernmentheobeys,andthenewrankheholds.1.WhatisanAmerican?J.HectorSt.JohndeCrevecoeur:LettersfromanAmericanFarmer(1782)Hereindividualsofallnationsaremeltedintoanewraceofmen,who
3、selaborsandposteritywillonedaycausegreatchangesintheworld.TheAmericanisanewman,whoactsuponnewprinciples;hemustthereforeentertainnewideas,andformnewopinions.1.1J.HectorSt.JohndeCrèvecœur(1735-1813)Frenchwriter,knownforhisworksinbothFrenchandEnglishdescribingl
4、ifeintheAmericancoloniesaroundthetimeoftheAmericanRevolution(1775-1783).CrèvecoeurservedintheFrenchandIndianWar(1754-1763)underFrenchcommanderMarquisdeMontcalmandtraveledthroughouttheBritishcoloniesofNorthAmerica.In1765hebecameacitizenofthecolonyofNewYork,an
5、din1769hesettledonafarminOrangeCounty,NewYork.1.2Crèvecoeur’sWorksUnderthepseudonymJ.HectorSt.JohnhewroteinEnglishtheseriesofessays,LettersfromanAmericanFarmer(1782),whichprovideremarkabledetailsaboutlifeincolonialAmericaandduringtheearlyyearsoftheUnitedStat
6、es.Crèvecoeur’sSketchesofEighteenthCenturyAmerica(1925),acollectionofnewspaperarticleshewroteunderthepseudonymAgricola,givefurtherevidenceofhisvigorousinsightintothedistinctivecharacteroftheUnitedStatesandtheAmericanpeople.2.TwoImmigrationMovements totheNewL
7、and(1)Thefirstimmigration(about25000yearsago)Siberiantribes,crossingovertheBeringStraittoAlaska,latermistakenlycalledIndiansbyChristopherColumbusin1492;AboriginalculturesfromthoseoftheprimitivetribestothebrilliantcivilizationsoftheAztecs,theIncasandtheMayas.
8、2.1.1BeringLandBridge2.TwoImmigrationMovements totheNewLand(2)ThesecondimmigrationChristopherColumbusdiscoveredforSpaintheNewWorldaroundtheCaribbeanSeain1492,mistakingitforIndia;JohnCabotarrived
