高二英语 unit 1 great scientists 教案 必修5

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I.keywordsandexpressions1.characteristicadj＆n1)adj典型的独特的独有的→advcharacteristicallyEg:Shespokewithcharacteristicenthusiasm.她说话带有特有的热情。Characteristically,Helenpaidforeveryone.海伦按照惯常的做法为每个人付了费。2）n特征，特点，品质Eg:Theneedtocommunicateisakeycharacteristicofhumansociety.需要交际是人类社会的一个重要特征。Personalcharacteristics,suchasageandsexaretakenintoaccount.个人的特征，如年龄和性别等都要考虑进去。【拓展】characterize/characterisev以…为典型；使具有特点characterization/characterisationn刻画，描绘，塑造2.putforward1)We’vedecidedtoputthepartyforwardbyoneweek.把。。。提前2)Remembertoputyourclocksforward拨快，向前拨3)____________________________________?你后悔在会议上提出那个建议吗？【拓展】回顾复习相关短语如：putup/puton/putoff/putout/putaway3.concludev1)得出结论，推断出Eg:Whatcanyouconcludefromthematter?从这件事中你能得出什么结论？Itwasconcludedthathewasnotthepersontorelyon.结论是他不是可以信赖的人。2)(使)结束，终止Eg:Heconcludedbywishingeveryonehappyandhealthy.【拓展】conclusionn结论得出结论draw/make/cometo/arriveat/leadtoconclusionsinconclusion:最后4.defeatv＆n击败，战败，失败，挫败Eg:Theydefeatedtheirrivalsby2goals.他们以2个进球击败了对手。短语：anarrow/heavydefeat惜败，惨败admitdefeat认输a__________army败军【考点聚焦】1）defeat，beat与win作“打败”解时的区别:beat与defeat的宾语通常多为“人”；win后的宾语多用game，war，prize等词(注意win的宾语不能是人)。5.attendv1)出席，参加,去。。。Eg:参加婚礼/葬礼…attendawedding/afuneral/school/church/ameeting/alecture2)attendtosb/sth处理,对付；照料，关怀，护理Eg:__________________________________________我有些重要的事情要处理。Threenursesareattending(to)theoldman.【拓展】attendancen到场，出席（人数）6.exposev→n____________1)暴露，显露exposesthto…Eg:Potatoesturngreenwhen_______________light. Hedidnotwanttoexposehisfearstoanyone.2)使面临、遭遇(危险或不快)exposesb/sthto…Eg:Don’texposebabiestostrongsunlight.3)揭露，揭穿Eg:Sheisexposedasaliarandfraud.她说谎和欺骗的面目被揭穿了。理解expose在以下语境中的含义：4)Somechildrenareneverexposedtoclassicalmusic.（使）接触，体验5)Youcan’texposeundevelopedfilmtolight.曝光7.curev＆n治愈；痊愈；治疗1)v:curesth/curesb(ofsth)Eg:Thedeadlydiseasecannotbecured.Fortunately,doctorshavefoundawaytocurehim(ofhisillness).2)n:cureforsthEg:Thereisnoknowncureforthedeadlydiseasebutitcanbetreated.这种致命的疾病尚没有明确的治愈方法但可以医治。【考点聚焦】1）辨析cure和treat：cure意为“治愈”，侧重结果；可构成curesb.　ofsth.句型；treat意为“治疗”，强调动作；常用treatsb结构。8.challengev＆n1)A对…怀疑（质疑），拒绝接受Eg:Copernicus’discoverychallengedthetraditionalbeliefs.Shedoesn’tlikeanyonetochallengeherauthority.B挑战Theoppositionleaderchallengedtheprimeministertocallonanelection.反对党领袖要求首相宣布进行大选。2)n挑战，艰巨任务anexciting/interestingchallenge;face/meet/accept/takeupachallenge面临、迎接、接受挑战【拓展】challenging挑战性的，考研能力的；引起争论的，不赞同的challengingquestions/work挑战性的问题、工作achallenginglook质疑的表情（眼光）9.absorbvt→nabsorption1)吸收，吸取，吸入Eg:Thiscreamcanbeabsorbedeasily.这种乳霜比较容易吸收。2)理解，掌握Eg:It’sreallyhardtoabsorbthepointsallatonce.一次全掌握起这些点并不容易。3)吸引全部注意力，使全神贯注absorbsb(insth)Eg:Totally_________________thebook（完全沉浸在书中）,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.【拓展】类似的结构还有：beburiedin;belostin(专注于);beoccupied/engagedin(忙于)10.suspectvt＆n1)A.vt觉得（尤指坏事可能要发生）；怀疑 Eg:Suspectingnothing,hewalkedrightintothetrap.他毫无觉查，径直走入了陷阱。Healwayssuspectedthatsomeonewasfollowinghim.B.怀疑(某人某事)suspectsbofsthEg:___________________________________________.(他被怀疑考试中作弊)2)n嫌疑犯，嫌疑人Eg:Heistheprimesuspectinthecase.他是该案件的首要嫌疑人。11.blamevt＆n1）betoblameforsth(对坏事)负有责任Eg:Whichdriverwastoblamefortheaccident?哪位司机是此次事故的肇事者？2)blamesthonsb/sth把…归咎于…Policeblamedtheaccidentondangerousdriving.警方把事故归因于危险驾驶。3)blamesbforsth因为…而责怪、指责某人Policeblamedthedrunkdriverfortheaccident.4）put/laytheblameonsbforsth把…归咎于…12.handlevt＆n1)vt.dealwith处理，应付Eg:Weallhavetolearntohandlestress.我们都得学会调节压力。2)n.把手，拉手turnthehandle转动把手13.linkvt＆n1)linkAto/withB;linkAandB(together)(1)把A和B联系起来(表具体的连接)Eg:Thecameraislinkedtoacomputer.(2)和…相连，有关（更多表抽象含义）Eg:Skincanceriscloselylinkedtotoomuchsunlight.Thetwoproblemsare_____________________.(直接相关)2)n.联系，连接linkbetweenAandBPolicesuspectthatthereisalinkbetweenthetwomurders.14.instructv指示，命令，吩咐;教授，传授；通知Eg:Thesoldierswereinstructedtobuildahighwallindefenceofthecity.Theemperorinstructedthattheworkshouldbefinishedinadvance.Allthestudentshavebeeninstructedinfirstaid.WehavebeeninstructedthatournewtermwillstartfromAugust8th.【拓展】instructions用法说明，操作指南；命令，吩咐followtheinstructions_________________carryoutsb’sinstructions__________________15.contributevcontribute(…)to…捐献、贡献；有助于，促成，导致；投稿Hecontributed5dollarstothecharityeachpayday.捐献，贡献________________________________________充足的新鲜空气有助于身体健康ImakemostofmymoneybywritingbooksbutIdocontributetomagazinessometimes.投稿【拓展】ncontributionmakeacontributionto捐款；做贡献；促成相关的短语：devote…to…;leadto; 【考点聚焦】Eatingtoomuchfatcan_____heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.A.sticktoB.attendtoC.contributetoD.devoteto16.apartfromprep17.makesense1)讲得通，有道理，有意义;也可以说makenosense,makeanysenseEg:Hissentencedoesn’tmakeanysense.2)明智的，合乎情理的Eg:Itmakessensetogotherebyairinsteadofbytrain.【拓展】1)makesenseof理解，弄懂（难懂的事物）Eg:Canyoumakesenseofhispoem?2)sense常用短语asenseofhumor/achievement/business/direction…inasense从某种意义上说3）sensevt_________________________;theystartedtorun.觉察出危险，他们撒腿就跑。Icansensethatshedoesn’tbelieveme.我能觉察出她不相信我。18.rejectv1)拒绝接受，不予考虑（论点，想法，计划等）Eg:rejectanargument/aclaim/adecision/anoffer/asuggestionTheprimeministerrejectedanyideaofreformingthesystem.2)拒收，拒绝接纳Eg:I’vebeenrejectedbyalltheuniversitiesIappliedfor.所有我申请的大学都没有录取我。【拓展】区分reject和refuse1）两者的名词形式分别为rejection和refusal2）其后面都可以直接用名词做宾语，如refuseinvitations;rejectsuggestions3）refusetodo而reject后则不接不定式II.Reading1.Discussinsmallgroupsthestagesinsettingoutanewscientificidea. 1)出发，动身，启程Eg:Theyplantosetoutat5p.m.fortheairport.2)开始工作，展开任务Eg:Shesetouttobreaktheworldrecord.3)setsthout/setoutsth（有条理地）陈述阐明Eg:Shesetoutherreasonsforrejectingtheiroffer.2.Next,JohnSnowlookedintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.1)lookintosth调查审查Eg:Aworkingpartyhasbeensetuptolookintotheproblem.2)lookintoone’seyes/face直视…Eg:Idarenotlookintohereyesfearingthatshemayseethroughme.3.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.examine:A.检查；B.诊察；体检C.测试Eg:examinethegoodsfordamage检查货物是否有破损Thedoctorexaminedherbutcouldfindnothingwrong.___________Thestudentswillbeexaminedinallsubjectsattheendofterm.___________【拓展】1)nexamination常用短语：体检amedicalexamination2)区分examine,check和testexamine:侧重看人或事物是否存在问题Eg:Alltheluggageistobeexaminedwhenyouenterthecustoms.check:检查,核对,核实;侧重看前后数量等是否一致,也常用于判断事物的正误、有无或 是否正常等。Eg:You'dbettercheckyouranswersbeforeyouhandinyourpaper.test:测验,试验,侧重看质量、水平等是否过关Eg:Allthenewcarsmustbetestedbeforebeingputintomarket.另:在表示“考试、测验”含义时,test指小测验,而examine则表示阶段性测验。4.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymadesense.此处only修饰if引导的状语从句，可以译为“只有…条件下；只有在…的时候”，当位于句首时，引起倒装。Eg:Onlyifthecaseisurgentcouldyoucallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.Iwillgohomeonlyifyougowithme.【拓展】区分onlyif和ifonly注意ifonly中核心词是if,ifonly只是if从句的一种强化形式，但需要注意的是ifonly更多用在虚拟条件句中，表示强烈的愿望或遗憾，译为“但愿、要是…该多好啊”如：Ifonlyshecouldhavelivedalittlelonger.【考点聚焦】-----Lookattheseblackclouds.It______soon.----Sure.Ifonlywe___out.A.israining;didn’tcomeB.istorain;won’tstartC.willrain;haven’tstartD.isgoingtorain;hadn’tcome 非谓语练习1._____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose2.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,___as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown3.—O’Nealworkshard.—Sohedoes.Heisoftenseen_____heavilybeforehisteammateshaveevenarrivedatpractice.A.tobesweatedB.sweatedC.besweatedD.sweating4.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor____"Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater."A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading5.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee____thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout6.—TheEnglishexamisnotdifficult,isit?—_____.EvenTom_____tothetopstudentsfailedinit.A.Yes;belongsB.No;belongedC.Yes;belongingD.No;belonging7.___thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.A.GivenB.TogiveC.BeinggivenD.Havinggiven8_____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered9.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot____frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed10.Attheendof2004,therewerearound6,000foreignprintingcompaniesinChina,_____uparound4percentofnationaltotal.A.madeB.tomakeC.makingD.havingmade11.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known12.—Whydidnotyougotoseetheplay?—___thewholestory,Idecidednottoseeit.A．BeingtoldB.IhadbeentoldC.IwastoldD.Havingbeentold13.---Wouldyouliketogototheconcertthisevening?—Sorry,Tom.____tomorrow’slessons,Ihavenotimetogooutwithyou.A.NotpreparingB.NothavingpreparedC.NottoprepareD.Beingnotprepared14.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,___alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing15.—Hi,Amy.Whyareyousoupset?—Er,IfoundthewashingmachineIhadhad___brokeagain.A.itrepairingB.repairedC.itrepairedD.toberepaired16.Friendshipislikemoney:easiermadethan_____. A.keptB.tobekeptC.keepingD.beingkept17.Unless____tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited18.Generallyspeaking,_____accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken19.TheOlympicGames,____in776B.C,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplaying20.Havingpassedallthetests,shefeltagreatweight___offhermind.A.takingB.takenC.takeD.tobetaken21.Seeingthesoldierswell___fortheflood-flight,thegeneralnoddedwithsatisfaction.A.preparingB.preparedC.prepareD.havingprepared22.InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained______abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.A.sticking B.stuck C.tobestuck D.tohavestuck23.Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney________inthelibrary.    A.discovered     B.tobediscovered   C.discovering     D.havingdiscovered     24.Agreatnumberofstudents  ________saidtheywereforcedtopracticethepiano.     A.toquestion      B.tobequestioned   C.questioned       D.questioning25.Theplay ________nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture. A.produced   B.beingproduced   C.tobeproduced    D.havingbeenproduced