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1、32TheWorldBankInstitute_____________________________________________________________IssuesPaperGender,DecentralizationandLocalGovernance(Draft:NotforQuotation)(DRAFTFORDISCUSSION)December,200332RoxanneScott*,PublicSectorSpecialistandConsultantMay2004ConsultantPublicFinance,DecentralizationandP
2、overtyReductionProgramWorldBankInstitute*TheviewsexpressedinthispaperarethoseoftheAuthor,andarenotnecessarilyrepresentativeoftheWorldBankContributionsandcommentsfromWaafasOfosu-Amaah,AnnGrahamandGitaGopalaregratefullyacknowledged.3232IntroductionTheMillenniumDeclaration,andthecorrespondingMill
3、enniumDevelopmentgoals(MDG’s),putforthbytheinternationalcommunity,commitsmembercountriesto“promotegenderequalityandtheempowermentofwomen,aseffectivewaystocombatpoverty,hungeranddisease,andtostimulatedevelopmentthatistrulysustainable”(UnitedNations,2000).Eventhoughthethirdgoaladdressesgenderequ
4、alityspecifically,genderissuesarerelevanttoachievingalloftheMDG’s,beitwhetherprotectingtheenvironmentorachievingsustainabledevelopmentTheMillenniumDevelopmentGoalsare1.Eradicateextremepovertyandhunger2.achieveuniversalprimaryeducation3.promotegenderequalityandempowerwomen4.reducechildmortality
5、5.Improvematernalhealth,6.CombatHIV/AIDS,malariaandotherdiseases7.EnsureEnvironmentalsustainability,and8.Developaglobalpartnershipfordevelopment(UnitedNations,2000)..AlthoughMmanycountrieshaveexpressedacommitmenttothesegoals,however,thereareoftengapsbetweenamongpolicystatements,howpolicydecisi
6、onsaremadeandimplemented,andthewaysinwhichgovernmentsraiseandspendmoneytosupportthiscommitment.Theworld-widetrendtowardsdecentralizationtodecentralize,or-thetransferofauthority,publicrolesgovernmentfunctions,resourcesandresponsibilitiesfromthecentralgovernmenttosubordinateorquasi-independentgo
7、vernmentorganizations-canbeaneffectivemeansvehicletoclosethisesegapsifthedecentralizedsystemisdesignedandimplementedwellTheelementsofawelldesigneddecentralizedsystemhavesbeendescribedasgettingthefundamentalquestions“right”inrelationto:e
