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1、TOAPPEAR,IEEEJOURNALONSELECTEDAREASOFCOMMUNICATIONS,19991TransportProtocolsforInternet-CompatibleSatelliteNetworksThomasR.Henderson,StudentMember,IEEE,andRandyH.Katz,Fellow,IEEEAbstract—Weaddressthequestionofhowwellend-to-endtransportasatelliteenvironmentcomposedofoneormoresatellitesinconnec
2、tionsperforminasatelliteenvironmentcomposedofoneormoregeostationaryorbit(GEO)orlow-altitudeearthorbit(LEO),insatellitesingeostationaryorbit(GEO)orlow-altitudeearthorbit(LEO),inwhichtheend-to-endconnectionmaytraverseaportionofthewhichtheconnectionmaytraverseaportionofthewiredInternet.Wefirstsu
3、mmarizethevariouswaysinwhichlatencyandasymmetrycanimpairwiredInternet.WefirstdiscussourassumptionsconcerningtheperformanceoftheInternet'sTransmissionControlProtocol(TCP),futurebroadbandsatellitesystemsthatplantoprovidedirect-anddiscussextensionstostandardTCPthatalleviatesomeoftheseperfor-to-u
4、serInternetaccess,focusingoncharacteristicsthatimpactmanceproblems.Throughanalysis,simulation,andexperiments,wequan-tifytheperformanceofstate-of-the-artTCPimplementationsinasatellitetransportlayerprotocolperformance.InSection3,wedescribeenvironment.Akeypartoftheexperimentalmethodistheuseoftr
5、afficthevariouswaysinwhichlatencyandasymmetrycanimpairthemodelsempiricallyderivedfromInternettraffictraces.WeidentifythoseperformanceofTCP,anddiscussextensionstostandardTCPTCPimplementationsthatcanbeexpectedtoperformreasonablywell,andthatalleviatesomeoftheseperformanceproblems.Throughthosethat
6、cansufferseriousperformancedegradation.Animportantre-sultisthat,evenwiththebestsatellite-optimizedTCPimplementations,analysis,simulation,andexperimentsdescribedinSections4moderatelevelsofcongestioninthewide-areaInternetcanseriouslyde-and5,wequantifytheperformanceofstate-of-the-artTCPinagrade
7、performanceforsatelliteconnections.ForscenariosinwhichTCPsatelliteenvironment,bothforlargefiletransfersandshortWebperformanceispoor,weinvestigatethepotentialimprovementofusingasatellitegateway,proxy,orWebcacheto“split”transportconnectionsintransacti
