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1、AngewandteChemieDOI:10.1002/anie.200704196PolymerizationRadicalPolymerizationTrackedbySingleMoleculeSpectroscopy**DominikWöll,HiroshiUji-i,TobiasSchnitzler,Jun-ichiHotta,PeterDedecker,AndreasHerrmann,FransC.DeSchryver,KlausMüllen,andJohanHofkens*Productsfrompolymerizati
2、onhaveinfluencedourdailylivesrelatedtothefreedomofmoleculestomovewithinthetremendouslyoverthepasthundredyears.Itisthereforenotmonomersolutionormatrixformedbythepolymer.FCSsurprisingthatenormouseffortshavebeenandarebeingmeasuresthetimediffusingmoleculesremainwithinamadet
3、ofullyunderstandeachdetailofthepolymerizationdefinedvolumeandalloweddeterminationofD>1321process.Prominentexamplesofanalyticaltechniquesused10msuptohighconversionsUbeforemotionbecame[1]areESRspectroscopy,pulsed-laser-initiatedpolymerizationtooslowandthuslimitedtheappl
4、icabilityofthismethod.[2]inconjunctionwithsize-exclusionchromatographyandWide-fieldmicroscopy(WFM)directlyvisualizestheposition[3][4]massspectrometry,aswellasNMRandfluorescenceoffluorescentmoleculesandisasuitablemethodtotrack[5–11]1221spectroscopy.Withthesetechniques,
5、verydetailedknowl-slowmovingmolecules(D<10ms)andeventodetectedgeaboutpolymerizationkineticscouldbegained.How-moleculeswhichareimmobilized.Bothmethods,therefore,ever,mostofthesetechniquescannotprobeoveralargecomplementeachother,andincombination,theypermitextentofconversi
6、onandallaverageoveranensembleoffollowingtranslationalmotionofdyesfortheentirepoly-molecules.Asaconsequence,noneofthesetechniquescanmerizationprocess.Thedetectionofheterogeneitiesisandetectheterogeneitiesoccurringatmolecularlevelduringimportantadvantageoverdeterminationo
7、fanaveragevaluepolymerization,aphenomenonwhichinfluencesthefinalofDfromviscositymeasurementsusingtheStokes–Einsteinpolymerproperties.Incontrasttoensembletechniques,singlerelation.moleculespectroscopy(SMS)canelucidatesuchheteroge-Perylenediimidederivativeswereusedasprobi
8、ngdyes.neities.Usingdyemolecules1or2,thepolymerizationofstyreneinSMShasalreadybeenusedtostudythedynamicsofsing