Feynman Lectures on Physics Volume 1 Chapter 05 Time_and_Distance .pdf

Feynman Lectures on Physics Volume 1 Chapter 05 Time_and_Distance .pdf

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时间:2019-03-11

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1、5TimeandDistance5-1MotionInthischapterweshallconsidersomeaspectsoftheconceptsoftimeand5-1Motiondistance.Ithasbeenemphasizedearlierthatphysics,asdoallthesciences,de-5-2Timependsonobservation.Onemightalsosaythatthedevelopmentofthephysicalsciencestotheirpresentformha

2、sdependedtoalargeextentontheemphasis5-3Shorttimeswhichhasbeenplacedonthemakingofquantitativeobservations.Onlywith5-4Longtimesquantitativeobservationscanonearriveatquantitativerelationships,whicharetheheartofphysics.5-5UnitsandstandardsoftimeManypeoplewouldliketopl

3、acethebeginningsofphysicswiththework5-6Largedistancesdone350yearsagobyGalileo,andtocallhimthefirstphysicist.Untilthattime,thestudyofmotionhadbeenaphilosophicalonebasedonargumentsthatcould5-7Shortdistancesbethoughtupinone'shead.MostoftheargumentshadbeenpresentedbyA

4、ristotleandotherGreekphilosophers,andweretakenas"proven."Galileowasskeptical,anddidanexperimentonmotionwhichwasessentiallythis:Heallowedaballtorolldownaninclinedtroughandobservedthemotion.Hedidnot,however,justlook;hemeasuredhowfartheballwentinhowlongatime.Thewayto

5、measureadistancewaswellknownlongbeforeGalileo,buttherewerenoaccuratewaysofmeasuringtime,particularlyshorttimes.Althoughhelaterdevisedmoresatisfactoryclocks(thoughnotliketheonesweknow),Galileo'sfirstexperimentsonmotionweredonebyusinghispulsetocountoffequalin-terval

6、softime.Letusdothesame.Wemaycountoffbeatsofapulseastheballrollsdownthetrack:"one...two...three...four...five...six...seven...eight..."Weaskafriendtomakeasmallmarkatthelocationoftheballateachcount;wecanthenmeasurethedistancetheballtravelledfromthepointofreleaseinon

7、e,ortwo,orthree,etc.,equalintervalsoftime.GalileoexpressedtheresultofhisobservationsinFig.5-1.Aballrollsdownanthisway:ifthelocationoftheballismarkedat1,2,3,4,...unitsoftimefromdinedtrack.theinstantofItsrelease,thosemarksaredistantfromthestartingpointinpropor-tiont

8、othenumbers1,4,9,16,...Todaywewouldsaythedistanceispropor-tionaltothesquareofthetime:Thestudyofmotion,whichisbasictoallofphysics,treatswiththequestions:

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