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1、Passage1KyotoProtocol:TheUnfinishedAgenda1.Mostmainstreamscientistsagreethattheburningoffossilfuels(coal,naturalgas,andpetroleumthatisknownasoilorcrudeoil)andotherindustrialactivitieshaveledtoabuildupofheat-trappinggreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Theyalsoagreethattheearthssur
2、facehaswannedduringthelastcenturyandthatfurtherwanningofseveraldegreesCelsiusislikelyinthenextcentury・Thisbroadscientificconsensushasplayedanimportantroleinconvincingmanynationalgovernmentsthatimmediateactionisnecessarytolimitglobalgreenhousegasemissions.2.Developingcountrie
3、s,however,haveportrayedthemselvesasvictimizedbythewealthierindustrializednations・Ononehand,thesecountriesbelievetheyhavethemosttolosefromcontinuedglobalwarming.Becausemuchofthedevelopingworldoccupieswarmerregions,wheremanyspeciesofcropsanddomesticatedanimalsliveattheupperlim
4、itoftheirnaturaltemperaturetolerance,highertemperaturescouldleadtowidespreadlivestockdeclinesandcropfailures.Moreover,unliketheindustrializedworld,mostdevelopingnationslackthecapitalandinfrastructuretodevelopnewvarietiesofheat-tolerantcropsandanimals,buildfloodcontrolsystems
5、,anddeploydisasterreliefwhenneeded・3.Ontheotherhand,globalemissionreductiontargetsalsohurtdevelopingcountriesbecausesuchreductioninterfereswiththeirplansforeconomicdevelopmentthroughinexpensive,carbon-basedenergysources・Indeed,manyrepresentativesofdevelopingcountriesseegloba
6、lwarmingadvocatesaspartofaconspiracytomaintaintheeconomicadvantageofindustrializednationsattheexpenseofpoorernations・Thus,developingcountrieshavearguedthattheybeexemptfromemissionreductionuntiltheireconomiesapproachedthestrengthofthoseindevelopednation.4・Carbon-cyclecalculat
7、ions,however,suggestthatallowingdevelopingcountriestodelaybydecadestheirparticipationinemissionreductionagreementswouldcommittheworldtoverylargeincreasesinlevelsofatmosphericcarbondioxide.Thecarboncyclereferstothenaturalprocessthroughwhichcarbondioxideinjectedintotheatmosphe
8、reisslowlyremovedbyphotosynthesisinplantsandabsorptionintheoceans・Theseproc
