英语人名、地名翻译

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1、ThefactthatyoucanlookupwordsinadictionarycanbetracedtoamannamedNoahWebster.HeproducedthefirstdictionaryofAmericanEnglish.NoahWebsterwasapersonwholovedwords.HewasbominWestHartford,Connecticut,in1758.WebsterstudiedatYaleandlaterbecameateacherandawriter.In1782Websterwasteachingatanelementaryschoolin

2、Goshen,NewYork.Hesawthattheschool-bookshewasusinghadleftoutsomethinghefeltwasimportant.ThebooksWebsterhadtouseinhisteachingcamefromEngland.ThesebookswerejustfineforteachingEnglishchildren.ButtheypaidnoattentiontoAmericanculture.Remember,theUnitedStateshadonlyjustwonitsindependencefromEngland.Amer

3、icansstilleducatedtheirchildrenthesamewaytheBritishdid.NoahWebsterwantedtogivehisstudentsaneducationthatwasstronglyAmerican.Todothis,in1783hepublishedaspellingbookforschoolchildren.ItsfulltitlewasTheAmericanSpellingBook.Thespellingguidebecameverypopular.Overtheyears,itsoldmorethanahundredmillionc

4、opies.Copieswerestillbeingsoldduringmuchofthe1900s・ThespellingbookgaveWebstertheideaforadictionaryofAmericanwordusage.Websterpublishedhisfirstdictionaryin1806.ItwascalledtheCompendiousDictionaryoftheEnglishLcmguage.WebsterwantedthisbooktohelpsetrulesofAmericanspelling.Itcontainedonlyaboutathousan

5、dwords.Inwritinghisfirstdictionary,Websterwaspreparingforsomethinggrander.In1807hebeganworkonAnAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.Websterwasseventyyearsoldwhenhepublishedthefirsteditionofthisimportantworkin1928.（289words）人名、地名翻译方法外译汉Generallyspeaking,propernamesshouldbetransliterated,i.e.,tra

6、nslatedphoneticallyinChinesecharacters.People'snamesarethustranslated.Buttherearestillproblems・IsaacNewton奈端Pushkin普式庚Chekhov柴霍甫Chicago诗家谷/之加哥1）用字统一原则2）约定俗成原则BernardShaw,伯纳徳•萧Pearl,S.Buck,珀尔JohnLeightonStuart斯图亚特王MarksBethuneSolomonDanielSteinbeckHolmes3）名从主人原则姓氏顺序问题男女姓名差异AndyMariaCatherineHilary

7、Gale安辿玛丽亚凯瑟琳地名翻译Itistruethatpropernamesshouldbetransliterated,i.e.,translatedphoneticallyinChinesecharacters.Butthereareexceptions,especiallyintranslatinggeographicalnames.ThePacificOceanTheBlackSeaTheDeadSea,TheMedite