定语从句用法

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...定语从句用法一、定语从句的有关概念两种类别----------限制性和非限制性根据从句与主句的关系是否紧密来区分，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。两个重要概念——先行词和关系词。先行词指的就是被定语从句所修饰的词。由于定语从句修饰名词或代词时，定语从句通常是后置的，所以人们就将放在定语从句前被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。关系词就是用于引导定语从句的引导词。关系代词：与先行词之间为替代关系that,which,who,whom,whose，as关系副词：与先行词之间为包容关系when,where，why,howIknowthemanwholivesnextdoor.我认识住在隔壁的那个人。Iknowtheman.Helivesnextdoor.我认识这个人，它就住在隔壁。Shewillneverforgetthedaywhenshegotmarried.Shewillneverforgettheday.Onthatdayshegotmarried.Heshowedmethearticlethathehadwritten.Shewasnotinthetrainwhicharrivedjustnow.Sundayisthedaywhenveryfewpeoplegotowork.That’sthehotelwherewewerestayinglastsummer.... ...Givemeonereasonwhyweshouldhelpyou.二、引导定语从句的主要关系代词1.that的用法that是所有关系代词中最常用的，它既可指人也可指物，既可用作主语也可用作宾语。先行词为人物混合时，只能用that不能用who,whom或which.如：Thisisthephoto(that)Itook.Theyliveinahousethatwasbuilt200yearsago.ThemanthatIsawtoldmetocomehere.Herearethecarsanddriversthatyouhavebeenlookingfor.2.who/whom的用法关系代词who和whom均只能指人，不能指物；从理论上说，who是主格，在定语从句中用作主语；whom是宾格，在定语从句中用作宾语。但在实际运用中，除非是直接用作介词后作宾语，否则凡是用宾格whom的地方都可以用who代替Imetsomeonewhosaidheknewyou.Sheisthegirl(who,whom)yousawinschool.ThegirltowhomIspokeismycousin.3.which的用法只能指物，作宾语时可以省略。省略情况与who和whom一样Isthistheshopwhichsellschildren’sclothing?... ...Thefactory(which)Mr.Liusedtoworkinwasclosedlastweek.4.whose的用法关系代词whose用于指人：the+名词+ofwhom也可以用于指事物:the+名词+ofwhich如：Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.Heisthemanthecarofwhomwasstolen.ItwasanislandwhosenameIhaveforgotten.ItwasanislandthenameofwhichIhaveforgotten.5.as的用法指人指物都可以，用于thesame⋯asso⋯assuch⋯asThisisthesamebookasIboughtyesterday.ThisisthesamebookthatIlostyesterday.Thestoryissointerestingasmanypeoplelike.Thestoryissointerestingthatmanypeoplelikeit.三、定语从句中关系代词的省略省略关系代词最典型的情形就是当关系代词在定语从句中用作宾语的时候。在定语从句中能够用作宾语的关系代词有that,which,who,whom。如：Thosebooks(that)youlentmewereveryuseful.... ...Iworethenecklace(which)mymotherhadleftme.Doyoustillremembertheboy(who,whom)Iwasgoingoutwith?注意：我们说的关系代词的省略只限于限制性定语从句，在非限制性定语从句中，即使关系代词用作宾语也不能省略。另外，当关系代词直接用作介词后作宾语时，此时也不能省略。如：IwantedtofindsomeonewithwhomIcoulddiscussbooksandmusic.我想找到一个可以和我谈书和音乐的人。Iwantedtofindsomeone(whom)Icoulddiscussbooksandmusicwith.我想找到一个可以和我谈书和音乐的人。四、引导定语从句的主要关系副词1.when的用法介词+which”关系副词when在定语从句中用作状语，表示时间，用以修饰表示时间的先行词；1988wastheyearwhenhewasborn.198是8他的出生年。When---------inwhich。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstmetyou.When-------onwhich。Don’ftorgetthetimewhentheweddingwillstart.。When---------atwhich。... ...1.where的用法介词+which”关系副词where在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示地点，用以修饰表示地点的先行词；Whatisthenameofthetownwhereyoulive?Where------inwhich。Thiscrossmarksthespotwhereshedied.where------atwhich。3.why的用法forwhich----that---省略不用。关系副词why在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示原因；why引导定语从句时，其先行词只有一个，那就是thereason。如：Thesearethereasonswhywedoi。t.Doyouknowthereasonwhyshedoesn’tlikeme?why是一个比较特殊的关系副词，它引导定语从句时，除可换成forwhich外，有时也可换成that，甚至省略。如：他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。正：Themainreasonwhyhelosthisjobwasthathedrank.正：Themainreasonforwhichhelosthisjobwasthathedrank.正：Themainreasonthathelosthisjobwasthathedrank.正：Themainreasonhelosthisjobwasthathedrank.4.How的用法inwhich----that----省略不用关系副词how在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示方式；how引导定语从句时，其先行词只有一个，那就是theway.... ...五、非限制性定语从句所谓限制性定语从句，它的作用是对先行词起修饰、限制或确定的作用，若去掉，先行词的意思就不明确，它是不可缺少的一部分，它与先行词的关系密不可分，不可用逗号将其分开。而非限制性定语从句的作用则只是对先行词起补充说明作用，它是可有可无的，与先行词关系松散，通常用逗号将其分开。因此，有无逗号通常是区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的重要标志。从所使用的关系词来看，在限制性定语从句中，that可以代替who,whom和which等，但在非限制性定语从句中不能用that。如：Hechangedhismind,whichmademeveryangry他.改变了主意，这使我很生气。ThenhemetMary,whoinvitedhimtoaparty.后来他遇到玛丽，玛丽邀请他去参加晚会。另外，关系副词when和where既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句；但关系副词why和how则只能引导限制性定语从句，不能引导非限制性定语从句。We’llputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,whentheweathermaybebetter.我们将把野餐推迟到下星期，那时天气可能会好一点。... ...BarbarywasworkinginAubury,whereshewentdailyinabus.巴巴拉在奥伯里工作，每天得坐公共汽车去上班。以上两句中的关系副词when和where均引导非限制性定语从句。六as和which引导的非限制性定语从句共性：先行词为一件事；差异：as从句可以在先行词前或后，which从句只能在先行词后Heisagoodguy,asweallknow.Asweallknow,heisagoodguy.Heisagoodguy,whichweallknow七、关系代词还是关系副词关系词在定语从句用作主语或宾语，则用关系代词；用作状语，则用关系副词。Don’tforgetthetimethatI’不v要e忘tol记d我yo告u.诉你的时间。Thisisthehousethatheboughtyesterday这.就是他昨天买的那座房子。八.只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句：1)先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用thatThisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.2）先行词被序数词修饰时，定语从句只能用that... ...Thechildrenlikethesecondlessonthatisabout“TheFootballMatch3）先行词被theonly，thevery或thesame等修饰，定语从句只能用that引导。Itistheonlyword(that)Iknowinthepassage.Whereistheverybook(that)Iboughtjustnow?Thisisthe(same)bicycle(that)Ilost.4）先行词为everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，few等不定代词时，定语从句只能用thatIwanteverything(that)Iwant.Iamwritingtotellyouaboutsomethingverystrangethathappenedtomelastweek.5)先行词被不定代词all,any,no,every,little,much,many修饰时，只能用thatHereisallthemoney(that)Ihave.6)先行词是同时含有“人和物”的名词时，定语从句只能用thatIcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Iseeintheroom.... ...7)定语从句所修饰的词为theone时，定语从句用that引导Isittheone（that）youwant？8）为了避免重复，在疑问词who之后，用that引导定语从句Whoisthegirlthatwonthefirstplace?... ...1.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.this2.Theman_____livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.A.whomB.whichC.whoD./3.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.as4.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theoneB.whichC.whoD.whom5.Isthisfactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theoneB.thatC.whichD./6.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.whichB.thatC./D.it7.Thegirlhandedeverything_____shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.all8._____cleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.... ...A.ThatB.WhoC.TheonewhoD.Thestudentswho1.Pleaseshowmethebook_____youboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.this2.Thisisthebestbook_____Ihavebeenlookingforallthisyear.A.whoB.whomC.whichD./3.Thisistheonlyarticleofthesethat_____writtenbyhim.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are4.Theman_____washerejustnowisadoctor.A.whomB.whoC./D.he5.Theboy_____hastwolovelydogs.A.wholivenextdoorB.whichlivesnextdoorC.whomlivesnextdoorD.thatlivesnextdoor6.Those_____madenomistakesintoday’sexercisespleaseraiseyourhands.A.whichB.whomC.thatD.who7.Don’tgoin,thisistheshop_____wehavejustbeen_____.... ...A./,toB.that,/C.where,toD.which,there1.Heisthemostcarefulboy_____Iknow.A.whatB.whichC.asD./2.Thisistheschool_____Mr.Smithoncetaught.A.inthatB.whenC.whereD.there3.Haveyouvisitedthehouse_____thefamousscientistwasborn?A.whereB.inthatC.thatD.which4.Thefactory_____Mr.Liusedtoworkwasclosedlastweek.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which5.Doyoustillremembertheday_____wefirstmet?A.thatB.whenC.whatD.onthat6.Thefirsttime___IsawPremierZhouwasin1958.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.that7.October1,1949istheday_____we’llneverforget.... ...A.whenB.thatC.whereD.inwhich1.October1,1949wastheday_____thePeople’saRepublicofChinwasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.inwhich2.Isthistheshop_____sellschildren’sclothing?A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.what3.Isthismuseum_____theyvisitedlastmonth?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.theone4.Istillrememberthesitting-room_____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where5.Didyoutellyourmotherall___youhadseenonthewayhome?A.whatB.whyC.thatD.which6.It’soneofthemostimportantmeetings_e_s_etyhears.A.thathasbeenheldB.whichhasbeenheldC.thathavebeenheldD.whichhaveheld... ...1.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding___thereisawell?A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhichD.inthefrontofwhich2.I’llneverforgettheday___IjoinedtheLeague.A.onwhichB.whichC.inwhichD.atwhich3.Sheshowedhernewwatchtomywife,___waskeptinabox.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it4.Shehadthreesons,all___becamedoctors.A.whoB.whomC.ofthemD.ofwhom5.Thisisthenewtypeofplane___partsaremadeofplastics.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whose6.___isknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry,belongingtothethirdworld.A.ItB.ThatC.AsD.Which7.Isthistheleaningtower___Galileodidexperimentcenturiesago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when... ...36．Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay，_____，ofcourse，madetheothersunhapp．yA．whoB．whichC．thisD．that37．Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood，_____wasmorethanwecouldexpect．A．whatB．whichC．thatD．it38．_____，theGreatWallcameintobeinginQinDynasty．A．It'sclearB．WeallknowC．AsweallknowD．Whichweallknow39．Thisisthesamesum______wasspentinthatyearonprivatemotoring．A.asB.whichC.whoD.whose40．_____isknowntoeverybody，themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth．A．ItB．AsC．ThatD．What... ...用定语从句把下列每组句子改写成一个句子1.Ican’tfindthebook.Iboughtabookyesterday.__________________________________________________________2.Thegirlismysister.Thegirlisstandingonthestage.___________________________________________________________3.TheWestLakeliesinHangzhou.TheWestLakeisoneofthemostfamouslakesinChina.___________________________________________________________4.Idon’tknowthatboy.Theboyisinblueshirt.___________________________________________________________5.Mybrotherlikesthesingers.Thesingerswritetheirownmusic.___________________________________________________________6.Thecatismine.Thecatisplayingwithabal。l... ...1-5ACABA6-10BBCAD11-15ABDDA16-20DCABB21-25DBBAD26-30DCCCA31-35BDDCB1.Ican’tfindthebookthat/which//Iboughtyesterday.2.Thegirlwho/thatisstandingonthestageismysister.3.TheWestLakeisoneofthemostfamouslakesinChinathatliesinHangzhou.4.Idon’tknowtheboywho/thatisinblueshirt.5.Mybrotherlikesthesingerswho/thatwritetheirownmusic.6.Thecatwhich/thatisplayingwithaballismine....