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1、1.Sonnet:afixedverseformofItalianoriginconsisting14linesthataretypicallyfive-footiambicrhymingaccordingtoprescribedscheme;also,apoemofthispattern.2.EnlightenmentisusedtocharacterizethemaintrendofEuropeanthoughtthroughoutthe18thcentury.Basically,theEnlightenmentadvocatedarationalisti
2、candscientificapproachtothereligious,socialandeconomicquestionsofthetime,andrelianceonreasonandempiricismratherthanonauthorityanddogma.Thegoalsoftherationalindividualwereconsideredtobeknowledge,freedom,andhappiness.3.Iambicpentameter：Thetermdescribestheparticularrhythmthatthewordses
3、tablishinthatline.Thatrhythmismeasuredinsmallgroupsofsyllables;thesesmallgroupsofsyllablesarecalled"feet".Theword"iambic"describesthetypeoffootthatisused.Theword"pentameter"indicatesthatalinehasfiveofthese"feet."4.DramacomesfromGreekwordsmeaning"todo"or"toact."Aplayisastoryactedout.
4、Itshowspeoplegoingthroughsomeeventfulperiodintheirlives,seriouslyorhumorously.Thespeechandactionofaplayrecreatetheflowofhumanlife.Aplaycomesfullytolifeonlyonthestage.Onthestageitcombinesmanyartsthoseoftheauthor,director,actor,designer,andothers.5.Modernismwasarevoltagainsttheconserv
5、ativevaluesofrealism.Arguablythemostparadigmaticmotiveofmodernismistherejectionoftraditionanditsreprise,incorporation,rewriting,recapitulation,revisionandparodyinnewforms.ModernismrejectedthelingeringcertaintyofEnlightenmentthinkingandalsorejectedtheexistenceofacompassionate,all-pow
6、erfulCreatorGod.6.Romanticismwasanartistic,literaryandintellectualmovementthatoriginatedinthesecondhalfofthe18thcenturyinEurope,andgainedstrengthinreactiontotheIndustrialRevolution.Inpart,itwasarevoltagainstaristocraticsocialandpoliticalnormsoftheAgeofEnlightenmentandareactionagains
7、tthescientificrationalizationofnature.Itwasembodiedmoststronglyinthevisualarts,music,andliterature,buthadamajorimpactonhistoriography,educationandnaturalhistory.7.streamofconsciousness,thecontinuousflowofsense‐perceptions,thoughts,feelings,andmemoriesinthehumanmind;oraliterarymethod
8、ofrepresentingsucha
