句子的扩展与常见错误

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1、TheExpansionofBasicSentencePatterns1.ElementsofasentenceAsentenceconsistsof2mainparts:subjectandapredicate.Subject:isthewordorwordsthatnamestheperson,thing,orplacethatasentenceisabout.Itisusuallyanounorapronoun.Predicate:Thepredicatetellswhatthesubjectisordoes.Itco

2、nsistsofaverbanditsmodifiersorcomplements.Theverbisthemostimportantpartofthepredicate.Itexpressesactionorastateofbeing.Acomplementisawordorwordsusedtocompletethemeaningoftheverb.2.Typesofsentences1.Simplesentence:Ienjoyplayingtennisandlookforwardtoiteveryweek.(2pre

3、dicateverbs)MyfriendsandIplaytennisandgobowlingeveryweekend.(2subjectnounorproun,and2predicateverbs)2.Compoundsentence:Ienjoyplayingtennis,butIhateplayinggolf.Ienjoyplayingtennis;Ihateplayinggolf.3.Complexsentence:AlthoughIenjoyplayingtennis,IhategolfWhetherwegoorn

4、othasnotbeendecided.4.Compound-complexsentence:Ihateplayinggolf,butIenjoyplayingtenniseventhoughIamnotverygoodatit.3.Basicsentencepatterns*SV句型(subject+intransitiveverb)SV句型是最基本的简单句型。主语通常是名词或代词，谓语是不及物动词或动词短语。这一句型还通常带有状语A(adverbial),用来说明时间、地点、目的、方式、或程度等。Therebe结构是一种

5、较常见的特殊的句子结构，可以看作是SV句型的一种变体。Therebe+S(主语)+A(状语)是个倒装句。e.g.Thereexist/areavarietyofopinionsonthisquestion.*SVC句型(subject+linkingverb+subjectcomplement)在主系表结构中，因系动词在句中不能单独作谓语，须和说明或表示主语身份、特征及状态的补足语(表语)一起构成合成谓语(系表结构)。e.g.MicrowavepopcornhasbecomeabighitinAmericanhousehol

6、ds.*SVO句型(subject+transitiveverb+directobject)e.g.Wouldyoumindfillingoutthisapplicationform?*SVOiOd句型(subject+transitiveverb+indirectobject+directobject)e.g.Thebossaccordedhimaheartyreceptioninthenewsalespromotioncampaign.*SVOC句型(subject+transitiveverb+object+objec

7、tcomplement)宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、副词、分词（短语）、不定式（短语）、介词（短语）等构成。用不定式作宾语补足语，表达和强调已发生或未发生的事实；用现在分词作宾补表达和强调正在进行的状态和发生的事情；用过去分词表达和强调被动的概念和状态。e.g.Today,wecallEinsteinagenius.Theyencouragedhertotryagain.Theyfoundherworkingverylate.Theyfoundtheroomcrowdedwithpeople.注：使役动词have,let,

8、make和感觉动词feel,hear,notice,see,watch等后接不定式作其宾补时省略to,但在被动句中则不能省略。e.g.Theteachermadehimfinishallthehomeworkbeforehewenthome.Hewasmadetofinishalltheh