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1、EnvironmentalPollution100(1999)223±240www.elsevier.com/locate/envpolTheevolutionofmassbalancemodelsofpersistentorganicpollutantfateintheenvironmentF.Waniaa,*,D.MackaybaWECCWaniaEnvironmentalChemistsCorp.,280SimcoeStreet,Suite404,Toronto,Ontario,CanadaM5T2Y5bEnvironmentalModellingC
2、entre,TrentUniversity,Peterborough,Ontario,CanadaK9L1N6Received15November1998;accepted22March1999AbstractCurrentapproachestomodellingthefateofpersistentorganicpollutants(POPs)intheenvironmenthaveevolvedinresponsetofourdominantcharacteristicsofthesesubstances;namely:(1)thepresenceo
3、fPOPsinvirtuallyallenvironmentalphasesandtheeasewithwhichtheymovefromonetotheotherrequiresmulti-compartmentalmodelling.Describingtransportacrossphaseboundariesbecomesas,orevenmore,importantasquantifyingtransportwithinthephases;(2)POPsmaypersistintheenviron-mentformanydecades.Forch
4、emicalsthat`havetime',conceptssuchasequilibriumpartitioningandsteady-statebecomemoreimportantthanforshort-livedsubstanceswhosefateismorecontrolledbytheratesoftransformation;(3)measuringPOPsisdif-®cultandexpensiveandobservedconcentrationsofPOPsarenotavailableinhighspatialortemporal
5、resolution.Consequently,highresolutiontendsnottobeahighpriorityinPOPmodels;and(4)detrimentaleectsofPOPsoftenmanifestthemselvesintoppredators,whichhasledtoafocusonmodellingbioticuptakeandtransferwithinfoodchains.ThetaskofbuildingaPOPsmodelisviewedascombiningthefour`buildingblocks'o
6、fpartitioning,transport,transformationandsourcedatawiththehelpofthelawoftheconservationofmass.Processmodels,evaluativemodels,modelsofreallocal,regionalandglobalfate,aswellasbio-logicaluptakemodelsarepresentedandreferencestonumerousexamplesareprovided.Anattemptismadetoforecastfutur
7、edirectionsinthe®eldofPOPsmodelling.Itisexpectedthatmodellingtechniquesthatdonotrelyonquantitativeemissionesti-matesaswellasapproachesthattakeintoaccountspatial,temporalandclimaticvariabilityaswellasparameteruncertaintywillincreaseinimportance.Finally,therelationshipbetweenmodelli
8、ngPOPsandmodelsofotherpollutantis
