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1、大学英语四级考试翻译的复习和应试基础部外语教研室刘娜二00二.六.六1.Anditisimaginedbymanythattheoperationsofthecommonmindcanbebynomeanscomparedwiththeseprocesses,andthattheyhavetobeacquiredbyasortofspecialtraining.(93年考题）2.Themethodofscientificinvestigationisnothingbuttheexpressionofthenecessa
2、rymodeofworkingofthehumanmind;itissimplythemodebywhichallphenomenaarereasonedaboutandgivenpreciseandexactexplanation.（94年考题）PartOne定语从句的译法前置法例1.Thefirstmethodistogiveasynonym,awordthathasnearlythesamemeaningasthewordyouwishtodefine:faceforcountenance,nervousness
3、foranxiety.例2.Behaviourists,incontrast,saythatdifferenceinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy.(90年考题)英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组,放置于被修饰的词之前。例1.第一种方法是同义词法,即给出一个与要释义的词在意义上几乎相同的,如用face表示count
4、enance,用nervousness表示anxiety。例1.Thefirstmethodistogiveasynonym,awordthathasnearlythesamemeaningasthewordyouwishtodefine:faceforcountenance,nervousnessforanxiety.例2.Behaviourists,incontrast,saythatdifferenceinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyo
5、ftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy.(90年考题)例2.相反,行为主义者认为,成绩的差异是由于黑人常常被剥夺了白人在教育及其他外界环境方面所享有的许多有利条件而造成的。二、后置法把原文定语从句翻译成并列的分句,放置于它所修词的后面。例如：例3.TheyarestrivingfortheidealwhichisclosetotheheartofeveryChineseandforwhich,inthepast,manyChineseh
6、avelaiddowntheirlives.他们正在为实现一个理想而努力,这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的,在过去,许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。他的妻子蓓蒂是一位出生在上海的华人，八岁离开中国，写过一本题为《月亮》的书，记述她妹妹姗姗在中国的生活。例4.Hiswife,Betty,isaShanghai-bornChinesewholeftChinaattheageofeight,andwhosebook,“TheMoon”,tellsofhersisterSansan’slifeinChina.对英语中有
7、些兼有状语从句职能的定语从句,可翻译成汉语中相应的偏正复合句。三、翻译成状语从句例5.Hedidnotrememberhisfatherwhodiedwhenhewasthreeyearsold.他不记得他父亲了,因为他父亲死时他才三岁。例6.Anyonewhothinksthatrationalknowledgeneednotbederivedfromperceptualknowledgeisanidealist.如果认为理性知识不必由感性知识得来,那他就是一个唯心主义者。在办公室里,工作人员将各种数据、表格和信息加
8、以汇编,以便让经理或主管人员了解他们的商店或工厂目前正在发生的情况。例7.Inoffice,figures,listsandinformationarecompiledwhichtellthemanagersorheadsofthebusinesswhatishappeningintheirshopsorfactories.(85
